Frank Lloyd Wright (1869-1959)

Frank Lloyd Wright is the greatest American architect of all times. During his 70-year professional career, he made important contributions to the modern movement in architecture.

Wright’s mother gave him paper, blocks, and other simple material to play with when he was young. She would help him arrange these materials to build things. He later said that this training affected his architecture.

Wright introduced many new concepts to contemporary architecture. He believed that the design of a building should depend on its purpose. He actually changed the way Americans lived. He designed homes that were less crowded and had more space. You can see his concept of “space in motion” in his design of the Guggenheim Museum in New York City.

Words to be remembered:

self-taught – обучающийся самостоятельно

design – тип, замысел, проект

to design – проектировать

to remain – оставаться

contribution – вклад

to make a contribution – делать вклад

block – кубик

to arrange – располагать

to affect – воздействовать, влиять

contemporary – современный

way – способ

concept – понятие, идея

motion – движение

Exercise 15. Answer the following questions:

1) Who taught Thomas Jefferson the science of architecture?

2) Which president was Thomas Jefferson?

3) When was he a president?

4) Who built the East Wing of the National Gallery?

5) How long was Frank Lloyd Wright’s career?

6) How did he change the way Americans lived?

7) What did he introduce to contemporary architecture?

8) Which of his concepts can you see at the Guggenheim Museum?

9) Who was his first teacher?

10) Are you interested in architecture?

11) If you could talk to one of these American architects, who would you choose?

12) If you could design a new building, what would it look like?

Exercise 16. Translate the sentences paying attention to the “ed” forms.

1) He introduced the simple classical design to America.

2) He designed his own home.

3) Portman lived in Atlanta most of his life.

4) Wonderful glass elevators located vertically are designed by John C.Portman.

5) He was a well-educated person.

6) He changed the way Americans lived.

7) Many schools have a dedicated nature area in their own grounds.

8) Improved results are increased.

9) Less crowded homes were designed by him.

10) Jefferson remained the most influential architect of his time.

Exercise 17. Word control:

contribute (v), confusion (n), stem (n), scope (n), nevertheless, specify (v), arise (v), reflect (v), shelter, techniques (n), services, construction (n), structure (n), disposition (n), craft (n), at least, appear

Exercise 18. Reading for pleasure. See appendix. SUPERSTITIONS: 1. MENAHUNE, 2. ABIKU

Unit 3

Exercise 1. Translate the sentences paying attention to the words “before” and “after”:

1) Mendeleev discovered the Periodic Law which had never been known before.

2) Dreiser died before the end of the World War II.

3) I had received a telegram before he came.

4) He said he was waiting for his friend who had come to Moscow the day before.

5) If you come after seven he will be very glad.

6) We reconstructed a lot of buildings after the war.

7) I will come to you after I finish my work.

Exercise 2. Choose the right translation from column A to column B:

A	B
1) architect	a) непрерывный
2) builder	b) архитектор
3) structure	c) архитектура
4) construction	d) строение
5) architecture	e) строитель
6) to work	f) строительство
7) to walk	g) работать
8) hollow	h) сплошной
9) solid	I) ходить пешком
10) continuous	j) пустотелый

Exercise 3. Choose the right equivalent:

1. at once	a) soon
	b) quickly
	c) instantly
2. talk about	a) discuss
	b) explain
	c) speak
3. at the other side of…	a) across
	b) apart
	c) aside
4. general question	a) common question
	b) complex question
	c) complete question
5. similar	a) the same
	b) some
	c) several
6. erect	a) build
	b) maintain
	c) design
7. due to	a) because of
	b) instead of
	c) in spite of
8. lift	a) elevate
	b) carry
	c) take

Words to be remembered:

pitched roof – покатая крыша

slate – сланец, шифер, шиферная плита

tile – черепица

flat – плоский

hip – ребро крыши; hip roof – шатровая (вальмовая) крыша

valley – 1) долина; 2) ендова, разжелобок

felt – войлок, фетр

arrangement – расположение, устройство

liver – печень

entrance – вход

reject – отвергать, отклонять

restrict – ограничивать

strive-strove-striven – стараться; прилагать усилия; бороться (with; against)

conceive – представлять себе

impose – навязывать (решение); производить сильное впечатление

assimilate (v) - уподоблять

Read and translate text 3A.

Text 3A:

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