Profitability

AUCTIONS

Bids, auctioneer, users, particular product, items, online auctioneer, bidders, specialize, inventories, sites.

Some e-commerce sites … in bringing buyers and sellers together, rather than selling products from their own …. Online auctioneers provide sellers a way to list and display items for sale and take … from interested buyers. An … … may bring together millions of … and feature more than 700,000 … at any given time. In exchange for the auctioneer’s services, sellers pay the … a small fixed fee and a portion of the proceeds from the sale. Other … invert this model. These sites enable … to name the price they are willing to pay for a … … or service and then try to find a seller who is willing to meet that price.

Assignment 12. Insert the prepositions from the box below. Translate the passage.

of (3); in (2); to (4); on (1); into (1); from (1).

A large percentage … e-commerce businesses went bankrupt … 2000 and 2001, mostly due … inadequate business plans and excessive spending … advertising and marketing to attract customers … their Web sites. The dot-com boom … the late 1990s had largely turned … a dot­-com bust as the 21st century began. An estimated 520 e-commerce businesses either ceased operation or declared bankruptcy … 1999 … 2001, resulting … the layoffs … nearly 100,000 employees, according … Fortune Magazine.

Assignment 13. Translate into English.

1. Електронна комерція надає компаніям великі можливості для ведення бізнесу й отримання суттєвих вигод. 2. Деякі великі компанії створили в Інтернеті портали для того, щоб об’єднати постачальників, споживачів та дистриб’юторів. 3. 75% європейських компаній використовують електронну комерцію для введення нового товару на ринок або для рекламування вже існуючого. 4. Автоматична система ведення рахунків зменшує додаткові витрати а робочу силу. 5. Технології Інтернету дозволяють продавцям слідкувати за інтересами і преференціями своїх споживачів. 6. Прибутки від зниження вартості операцій (cost benefits) Б2Б максимізуються завдяки електронному ринку.

Grammar: Conditional Sentences. Third Conditional

Для позначення нереальної дії в минулому (щось бажане не сталось або навпаки, сталось щось небажане – imaginary past) використовуються речення «нереальної умови» – Third Conditionals. Сполучник if перекладається сполучником «якби». Присудок головного речення перекладається умовним способом (частка б/би).

If-clause(condition)	Principal clause (result)
If + Past Perfect	Would + Perfect Infinitive
If we had offered a lower price, Якби ми запропонували нижчу ціну,	we would have got the contract. ми отримали б контракт (але цього не сталось).
If we hadn’t offered a lower price, Якби ми не запропонували нижчу ціну,	we would have lost the contract. ми втратили б контракт (але цього не сталось).

* Замість would можуть вживатись модальні дієслова could або might:

e.g. If he had coped with the task, he might have been promoted. – Якби він упорався з завданням, його, можливо, підвищили б. (Цього не сталось).

If she had come earlier, she could have met our new partner. – Якби вона прийшла раніше, вона могла б зустріти нашого нового партнера. (Цього не сталось).

І Assignment 14. Make up 5 sentences from the table and translate them.

If	I	had	given us a discount	I	should/would have	opened a new shop
he/she	delivered the goods	he/she	registered it
we	ordered the products	we	received them
you	found an applicant	you	bought them
they	set up a company	they	sent them

І Assignment 15. Choose the most suitable tense. Translate the sentences.

1. Why didn’t you phone me? If you phoned/had phoned me, I would have reserved/had reserved a room for you. 2. If he lent/had lent me the money, I would pay/would have paid him back last week. 3. Why didn’t you say that you were short of money? If I knew/had known it, I would lend/would have lent you some. 4. If I weren’t/hadn’t been promoted then, I would leave/would have left the company. 5. If I hadn’t saved/didn’t save enough money, I wouldn’t buy/wouldn’t have bought this house. 6. If he didn’t gamble/hadn’t gambled so much, he wouldn’t lose/wouldn’t have lost all his money. 7. If I knew/had known yesterday that you were coming, I would meet/would have met you at the airport. 8. He never would buy/would have bought shares of that company if you didn’t recommend/hadn't recommended him to do it.

Assignment 16. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form: past perfect or would + perfect infinitive.

1. If we (know) that the company had such huge debts, we wouldn’t have invested in it. 2. We would have won that contract if we (make) a better offer. 3. They (go) out of business years ago if they hadn’t invested in new technology. 4. Would sales have been higher if the price (be) lower? 5. If we (wait) a few more months, we’d have saved a great deal of money. 6. If I had sold my shares then, I (make) a lot of money. 7. If you hadn’t taken so many risks, you (lose) so much. 8. If the company hadn’t raised its funds, it (go) bankrupt. 9. If I (not make) profit on my shares, I would have never bought this house. 10. If we hadn’t issued bonds, we (not raise) finance.

Assignment 17. Answer the following questions using Third Conditionals.

1. Suppose you wanted to know last year’s prices on cars in Europe. What sites would you have visited? 2. Suppose you set up a joint venture last month. What documents would you have signed? 3. Suppose your company produced new goods two years ago. How would you have promoted them? 4. Suppose your goods were in great demand last year. Would you have changed the prices for your customers? 5. Suppose there was no demand for your goods in the market last month. What would you have done?

Assignment 18. Complete the following sentences.

1. Ifthey had received your inquiry,.... 2. If the manager had signed the document,.... 3. If your company had bought new equipment,.... 4. If I had met your representatives,.... 5. If a new investment plan had been completed, …. 6. If you had set up a joint venture, …. 7. They would have met the customers’ requirements if …. 8. He would have bought thegoods if.... 9. Theywouldhavesentus some additional information about products if …. 10. If he had consulted the stockbroker in time, ….

Assignment 19. Transform the following First Conditionals into 1) Second Conditionals; 2) Third Conditionals as in the model. Translate the sentences.

Model: If I meet him, I shall tell him the news. (First Conditional)

If I met him, I would tell him the news. (Second Conditional)

If I had met him, I would have told him the news. (Third Conditional)

1. If he misses the train, he will be late for his interview. 2. If all departments send us their budgets, we shall distribute our finances properly. 3. If we hire experienced accountants, they will perform an internal audit. 4. If she prepares the balance sheet, the auditor will examine it. 5. If we do not install this computer program, our control system will be unreliable.

Assignment 20. Translate into English.

1. На вашому місці я би не хвилювався; вона підготує балансовий звіт вчасно. 2. Якби ви працювали сумлінніше, ви б давно завершили роботу над цим проектом. 3. Якби я знав про цей контракт раніше, я б переклав його ще на минулому тижні. 4. Якби я продав свої акції рік тому, я б заробив багато грошей. 5. Якщо б я знав про вашу пропозицію раніше, я б не погодився на іншу роботу. 6. Якби смаки споживачів не змінювались, торгівля б не розвивалася. 7. На вашому місці, я б негайно купив акції цієї компанії. 8. Якби ви проглянули старі фінансові звіти, ви б знайшли цікавий матеріал для вашої доповіді.

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