Disturb disturbance disturbed

Anthracite lignite bituminous coal peat

1. A low-rank brown-to-black coal containing 30 to 40 per cent
of moisture. It is liable to spontaneous combustion.

2. A soft brown deposit in which plant structures can easily be
seen. It has the least amount of carbon.

3. The main feature of this grade of coals is its low percentage of
volatile matter and high caibon content.

4. This coal has more than 14 per cent of volatile content. There
are non-coking and coking varieties, the latter being used for coke
manufacture.

32. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, используя следующие слова:
a) continue continuous continuity

Unit 6______________________________________________ 155

1. Fossil fuels... to play an important role in the national
economy of the country.

2. Like other sedimentary strata coal beds are characterized by
uniformity and....

3. In mining bedded deposits... faces (забои) are used.

1. Any change in the normal bedding of a seam (fault or fold)
is called a....

2. Coal seams may be structurally... by faulting or folding.

3. Folds... coal seams without a break and sometimes faults...
them with a break.

33. Определите число выделенных существительных:

these men; 25 feet, natural phenomenon; their analyses; higher educational establishments; coal stratum; new formula; these apparatuses; the data of investigations

34. Прочитайте предложения, найдите в них -ing-формы. Скажите, как
они называются и в какой функции употреблены в предложении. Переведите
предложения.

1. Coal beds may consist of different bands of varying thickness.

2. Laser is used in mining. This is a more recent development
replacing theodolites in surveying.

3. Speaking about the future of coal, it is necessary to note the
production of liquid fuels such as gas and oil from coal.

35. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод -teg-форм.
Как называются эти формы? Каковы нх функции?

а)1. The highest output of coal excluding seams of 6° to 15° is got from thick seams.

2. The ventilation air flowing through the mine has been
greatly increased.

3. It should be noticed that the theory of prospecting and ex­
ploration is a link connecting specialists in two fields of mining: the
exploration geologist and the mining engineer.

4. Folds, faults and fissures influencing the distribution and lo­
calization of mineralization are observed in practically all ore fields.

6)1. Minerals and rocks are subjected to a process of constant development depending on geological conditions.

2. Studying and exploring deep deposits, it is important to es-

156_____________________________________________ Unit 6

tablish the relation between the structures of different sequences (последовательность) controlling their localization.

3. Geophysical methods sometimes make it possible to deter­
mine the thickness of iron ore deposits, and under favourable con­
ditions even to establish the composition of the ores as well, thereby
decreasing the number of exploratory openings to a minimum.

4. Depending on the structural conditions, there are several
types of ore fields.

в)1. Studies of intrusive dykes are most important when investi­gating the structure of ore field and establishing the genesis of the deposit.

2. While studying at the engineering institutes, every student is
to go through practical training at mines, open-pits, quarries or
dressing plants.

3. When making the geological map, the geologists study all
the data of ground and aerial geological surveys.

36. Выразите несогласие и подтвердите свою точку зрения фактами из
текста Б. Используйте предлагаемые разговорные формулы:

to my mind; In my opinion; on the contrary; I'd like to say a few words about; it seems to be wrong; it is quite obvious that; as for; as I know

1. Lignite is a high-rank coal, containing about 90 per cent of
carbon. It is slightly liable to spontaneous combustion.

2. Bituminous coals cannot be stored in open piles. These coals
are primarily used for domestic purposes.

3. Anthracites are soft coals being used mainly for metallurgical
purposes. In future coal will be used only for domestic purposes.

37. Суммируйте содержание текста Б, используя следующие слова и
выражения:

coal ranks; carbon and volatile matter content; moisture con­tent; heat effect; liability to spontaneous combustion; coking quality; the use of different types of coal in industry

38. Подготовьте сообщение на тему:

Different types of coals and their comparison with each other (for example, lignite and anthracite or anthracite and brown coal, etc.), their carbon content, heat value, liability to spontaneous combustion and the use of each grade of coal.

Unlt6______________________________________________ 157

39. Расскажите, что вы знаете об угольных пластах (рис. 3 и 4). В своем рассказе дайте ответы на следующие вопросы:

1. What do Figures 3 and 4 show?

2. What figure shows the seam which consists only of coal
bands?

3. Is the coal seam (Fig. 3) horizontal or inclined?

4. Is the shape of the seam typical of igneous rocks or sedimen­
tary rocks? What do you know about the structure of sedimentary
rocks?

5. Can you explain why the coal seam shown in Fig. 4 is called
complex? What does the seam consist of?

6. What mineral substances may separate coal beds? What do we
call them?

7. What is thicker, coal bands or rock partings?

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