Lesson 7

MEMORY

Memory: - Also called main memory. The working space used by the computer to hold the program that is currently running, along with the data it needs, and to run programs and process data. The main memory is built from RAM chips. Main memory is temporary, and is lost when the computer is turned off.
Cache memory: - A high-speed buffer storage that is smaller than the main storage. The cache memory is a place that temporarily stores instructions and data.
Volatile memory: - Memory that loses its content when the power is shut off. Any changes made to files must be saved to disk before the power is turned off or they will be lost.

Non-volatile memory or nonvolatile memory:- Memory that does not lose its content when the power is turned off.

Random access memory: - The kind of memory used for holding programs and data being executed is called random access memory or RAM. RAM differs from read-only memory (ROM) in that it can be both read and written. It is called volatile storage because the contents of RAM are lost when the power is turned off. RAM is also sometimes called read-write memory or RWM.

Read-only memory: - Memory that can be read but not changed. Read-only memory is non-volatile storage; it holds its contents even when the power is turned off. Data is placed in ROM only once, and stays there permanently. ROM chips are used for storage of the important software of the computer, called firmware.

Dynamic random access memory: - (DRAM).A type of computer memory that is stored in capacitors on a chip and requires a refresh signal to be sent to it periodically.

Static random access memory: - (SRAM). A kind of random access memory that requires a constant supply of power in order to hold its content, but does not require refresh circuitry as dynamic random access memory (DRAM) does. Static RAM is usually faster than dynamic RAM, but takes up more space and uses more power. It is used for the parts of a computer that require highest speed, such as cache memory.
Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory: - (SDRAM). High-speed DRAM that adds a separate clock signal to the control signals. SDRAM can transfer bursts of non-contiguous data at 100 MBytes/sec, and has an access time of 8-12 nanoseconds. It comes in 64-bit modules: long 168-pin DIMMs.
Fast page mode memory: - A kind of DRAM memory. Fast page mode improved upon the original page mode memory by eliminating the column address setup time during the page cycle.

Ex.10 a) Give English definitions of the following concepts:

1. Random Access Memory

2. Read-Only Memory

b) Compare RAM and ROM, DRAM and SRAM. Use the following words and word-combinations:

1. (to) read

2. (to) write

3. (to) change

4. (non)volatile storage

5. (to) lose

6. contents

7. (to) turn off

8. permanent

9. temporary

10. fast/slow

11. (to) use more/less power

12. (to) take up more /less space

Text A. General DRAM Concepts.

Text B. Partitions and Volumes.

Structure. The verb -to be.

Ex.1 Read and memorize the following words:

1. certain [sƏ:tn] – определенный

2. cell [sel] – ячейка

3. spreadsheet [´spredʃi:t] - электронная таблица

4. order [´ɔ:dƏ] - порядок

5. sequential [sı´kwenʃıƏl] - последовательный

6. (to) arrange [Ə´reındʒ] – располагать, организовывать

7. row [rƏu] – ряд, строка

8. column [´kɔlƏn] – столбец

9. (to) specify [´spesıfaı] – специфицировать, устанавливать

10. (to) determine [dı´tƏ:mın] – определять

Ex.2Read and translate into Russian:

GENERAL DRAM CONCEPTS

"DRAM" is short for "Dynamic Random Access Memory." "Dynamic" indicates that for the memory chip to remember data, the memory chip requires every bit to be refreshed within a certain time period. When power is removed from a DRAM, the data is lost. "Random Access" indicates that each cell in the memory chip can be read or written in any order. This contrasts to a sequential memory device where data must be read or written in a certain order.

The bits of a DRAM are arranged in cells where each cell contains a specific number of bits. For example, a 4 MB x 4 Bit DRAM has four bits per cell. The cells of a DRAM are arranged like a spreadsheet and accessed by a row address and a column address. A typical DRAM access starts by specifying a row address, then specifying a column address. Next, a signal is pulled active or non-active to determine if the access is a read or a write. Then the DRAM places the data from the cell on the data output if the access is a read; or, the DRAM writes the data from the data inputs into the cell if the access is a write.

Ex.3 Translate into English:

1. высокоскоростная буферная память

2. рабочее пространство

3. терять содержимое

4. выключать

5. энергонезависимый

6. программно-аппаратные средства

7. постоянное питание

8. сигналы/импульсы обновления

9. передавать пакеты данных

10. время установки

11. регенерировать/переписывать

12. определенный период времени

13. каждая ячейка

14. в любом порядке/в определенном порядке

15. электронная таблица

16. доступ/обращение

17. определять

18. последовательное устройство памяти

19. данные на выходе

20. ввод данных

Ex.4 Make up sentences:

1. Size, how, will, fast, memory, programs, determines, operate.

2. The, is used, the contents, to read, transistor, of the capacitor.

3. SIMMs, in, come, pin, two, configurations: 30 pin and 72 pin, (single in-line memory modules).

Ex.5 Revise the prepositions:

For, from, with, without, within, in, to, into, on, by, per.

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