XII. Соедините части предложений А и В

TEXT

V. Измените предложения двумя способами так, чтобы использовать инфинитив цели.

IV. Составьте предложения из частей А, В и С.

А	В	С
	difficult	to study economics.
	possible	to listen to pop music.
	important	to know economics.
It is (not)	necessary	to develop agriculture.
	essential	to grow flowers.
	interesting	to know what affects prices of goods.
	nice	to predict the behaviour of sellers.
		to have many trees in cities.

ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВО ЦЕЛИ

Man works / to buy) goods and services.

1 чтобы покупать)

Man works J in order to buy \ goods and services.

I чтобы покупать)

Образец: Managers study the situation in the market as they want to know how many goods to produce.

1) Managers study the situation in the market to know how many goods to produce.

2) Managers study the situation in the market in order to know how many goods to produce.

1. We study economics as we want to work as managers.

2. Farmers grow animals as they want to produce meat and milk.

3. Factories and plants use fuel and energy as they are necessary to process resources.

4. Companies produce goods as they want to sell them.

5. Mining gets minerals from the earth as it must provide resources for manufacturing.

6. Factories process resources as they want to sell them as goods.

7. Economists make models because they want to use them in economic analyses.

ПОРЯДКОВЫЕ ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ

1st first 2nd second 3rd third

4th fourth	20th twentieth
5th fifth	21st twenty-first
6th sixth	22nd twenty-second
7th seventh	23rd twenty-third
8th eighth	24th twenty-fourth
9th ninth	30th thirtieth
10th tenth	40th fortieth
11th eleventh	50th fiftieth
12th twelfth	60th sixtieth
13th thirteenth	70th seventieth
14th fourteenth	80th eightieth
15th fifteenth	90th ninetieth
16th sixteenth	100th one hundredth
17th seventeenth ]	101st one hundred and first
18th eighteenth	125th one hundred and twenty-fifth
19th nineteenth	1,000th one thousandth

Перед существительным с порядковым числительным обычно ставится определенный артикль the, например: the first day, the twelfth month.

VI. Произнесите по-английски:

the 8th month; the 365th day; the 11th book; the 1st house; the 1,023rd model

WHAT IS ECONOMICS

■

It is difficult to give a full and accurate definition of economics, but it is possible to indicate what problems economists are interested in. They are the factors that affect prices of goods and services and also resources necessary to produce them. Economists are also interested in sellers' and buyers' behaviour in the market, in the relationship between "price system" and "market mechanism".

Now economics is more complex. There are three main approaches to economics: microeconomics, macroeconomics, and development economics. There are also several specialized areas of study. Among them are money economics, international economics, labour economics, industrial economics, agricultural economics, growth economics, mathematical economics, etc.

Like many other sciences, economics uses models to understand economic problems. A model often helps an economist to make correct predictions. The economist usually follows several rules when he makes a model of economic behaviour.

First, real life is complex and it is not possible for an economist to include all the details in a model. So, a model is an abstraction from real life, A model usually includes only essential elements and relationships of a particular economic situation.

Second, if an economist has two different models of one phenomenon, he always chooses the model that predicts the results of a particular phenomenon more accurately

Third, althoug h models are helpful in economic analysis, an economist always studies the actual economic situation before he makes decisions.

It is not enough to make models, it is also necessary to collect and study actual data in order to know how accurate a model is.

VII. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. What problems are economists interested in?

2. What are the three main approaches to economics?

3. What specialized areas of economics do you know?

4. Why do economists use economic models?

5. Why is it not possible to include all the details in a model?

6. What does a model usually include?

7. Which of the models does an economist always choose?

8. Why is it necessary for an economist to collect and study actual data?

VIII. а) Произнесите по-английски следующие количе­ственные числительные:

22; 643; 2,980; 334,100; 71,325; 1,434,516; 9,154,603;970,000

б) Сделайте эти числительные порядковыми.

IX. Вставьте слова из активного словаря, употребив их в
нужной форме.

1. Trade... well in this area.

2. It is necessary to have correct... to make a correct decision.

3. He does not have... money to... the radio.

4. Economists study the... between prices of different goods in the....

5. The economist.......... industrial economics.

6. The growth of industry and agriculture... the life of all the people in the country.

X. Переведите следующие словосочетания:

market analysis, labour economics, labour market study, goods and services prices, growth economics problems, actual economic situation details, consumer behaviour, future prediction, growth mechanism, agriculture and manufacturing

relationship, mineral resources prices, agricultural product price growth, area development, trade growth prediction

XI. Раскройте скобки, употребив глаголы в нужной форме.

1. Economists (to study) situations from real life by means of economic models.

2. Economists (to be) interested in relationship between prices for goods and buyers' behaviour.

3. The buyer (to choose) goods for which he (to have) enough money.

4. He (not/ to follow) our recommendations.

5. The manager (to make) decisions only after careful analysis of all the data.

6. She always (to buy) a lot of clothes.

7. The data (not/ to be) necessary now.

8. The prices for fuel (to be) very high.

9. A consumer (to be) a person who (to buy) goods and services.

10. There (to be) several mining areas in this country.

А

1. Resources and labour are necessary

2. It is necessary to know marketing

3. It is not enough to study economic theory

4. Like other sciences, economics uses models

5. To buy goods and services it is necessary for a consumer

6. It is not always possible to predict

7. To have enough money for his

8. Development of trade

В

a. is essential for economic growth of a country.

b. the results of every phenomenon,
с to produce goods.

d. to sell goods and services well.

e. to have enough money.

f. to be a good economist.

g. family he works a lot.

h. to analyze real life situations.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-27