I. Answer the following questions on the text. Careers in Psychology

Text

Key words

Careers in Psychology

Unit 7

VIII. Read the text and then translate it in writing.

VII. Give the summary of the text.

Active Agent And/Or Passive Victim

The three major psychological views of man - the behaviouristic, the psy­choanalytic, and the humanistic - differ most importantly on the issue of wheth­er man is to be conceived primarily passive or active. There two positions are often referred to as the "pull" and "push" theories of motivation. The pull theory finds most of man's motivation in the environment, in external forces as rewards and punishments; the push theory finds most of man's motivation from within the individual, in internal forces represented by urges and growth tendencies. All three viewpoints recognize that man is both an active agent and a passive victim of motivational forces. The key difference is how man is seen primarily. If placed on a continuum from passivity to activity, the order of the tree viewpoints would be behaviourism, psychoanalysis, and humanism. In the humanistic model there is a wholehearted belief that we will learn far more about man if we view him as an active agent rather than as a passive victim of external forces. The other two models of man, however, are gradually placing more emphasis on the importance of man as the single most important determiner of his behaviour in order to explain how so much of human behaviour is initiated by man.

Цель – формирование представлений студентов о профессии психолога, использование знания иностранного языка в профессиональной деятельности и профессиональной коммуникации.

1. career 2. treat 3. intelligence 4. observation 5. experimentation 6. analysis 7. invent 8. practitioner 9. reduce stress 10. disaster 11. victim 12. bystander 13. recover 14. flexibility 15. schedule 16. skill 17. interpret data 18. experience 19. care for 20. mental disorder

карьера лечить интеллект, ум наблюдение эксперимент анализ изобретать практик уменьшать стресс катастрофа, несчастье жертва свидетель, очевидец восстанавливаться, приходить в себя, выздоравливать гибкость, приспособляемость расписание, план навык, умение интерпретировать данные опыт (жизненный) заботиться о психическое нарушение, психическое расстройство

There are many careers in psychology. Psychology includes both research, through which we learn fundamental things about human and animal behaviour, and practice, through which that knowledge is applied in helping people to solve problems. Psychology is an extremely varied field. Psychologists conduct research, serve as consultants, diagnose and treat people, and teach future psychologists and other types of students. They test intelligence and personality.

As scientists, psychologists use scientific methods of observation, experimentation and analysis. But psychologists also need to be creative in the way they apply scientific findings.

Psychologists are frequently innovators, inventing new approaches to people and societies. They develop theories and test them in their research. As they collect new information, these findings can be used by practitioners in their work with clients and patients.

As practitioners psychologists work in laboratories, hospitals, courtrooms, schools and universities, prisons and corporate offices. They work with business executives, performers, and athletes to reduce stress and improve performance. They advise lawyers on jury selection and cooperate with educators on school reform. Immediately following a disaster, such as a plane crush or bombing, psychologists help victims and bystanders recover from the shock of the event.

Involved in all aspects of our world, psychologists must keep up with what is happening around us. When you are a psychologist, your education never ends.

Most psychologists say they love their work. They say that they have a variety of daily tasks and the flexibility of their schedules.

The study of psychology is a good preparation for many other professions. Many employers are interested in the skills of collecting, analyzing and interpreting data, and their experience with statistics and experimental design.

Psychology is a very diverse field with hundreds of career paths. We all know about caring for people with mental and emotional disorders. Some other jobs like helping with the design of computer systems are less well-known. What all psychologists have in common is an interest in the minds of both humans and animals.

EXERCISES

1. What does the field of psychology include?

2. What innovations do psychologists make?

3. Where do psychologists work?

4. Who do psychologists work with?

5. Do most psychologists like their work?

6. What skills are many employers interested in?

7. What do all psychologists have in common?

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