Text Vocabulary

primary market	первичный рынок	The primary is that part of the capital markets that deals with the issuance of new securities.
secondary market	вторичный рынок	The secondary market is the financial market for trading of securities that have already been issued in an initial private or public offering.
to list a company	проводить регистрацию (листинг) акций компании на фондовой бирже, чтобы начать торговлю ими	If you would like your company listed on blueboomerang.com simply fill in the form.
New York Stock Exchange, the	Нью-Йоркская фондовая биржа	ABBR: NYSE Your stockbroker, who works for a brokerage house, will charge you fees for each transaction that you conduct.
stockbroker	фондовый брокер	Until 1984 the only way to buy shares in investment trusts was through a stockbroker.
buttonwood tree	платан	Buttonwood Tree Agreement "Соглашение платанового дерева", договоренность о начале биржевых операций в Нью-Йорке, 1792 г.
brokerage house	брокерская фирма	Your stockbroker, who works for a brokerage house, will charge you fees for each transaction that you conduct.
quote	котировка	The bid quote shows the price and quantity at which a current buyer is willing to purchase the shares.
savings	мн. сбережения	There are four possible ways of building up savings in your pension plan.
buy order	приказ на покупку ценных бумаг (приказ брокеру купить определенное число ценных бумаг по определенной цене)	Whoever received and processed a buy order would gain both the commission and a client, without having had to prospect in the first place.
transaction	сделка	SYN: deal The database where the request originates is responsible for co-ordinating the transaction among its different participants.
Nasdaq	сокр. от National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation экон. американская фондовая биржа, специализирующаяся на акциях высокотехнологичных компаний, одна из трех основных фондовых бирж Америки наряду с NYSE и AMEX, контролируется SEC[1]; название происходит от автоматической системы получения котировок, положившей начало бирже	VARIANT: NASDAQ We are looking at options which will almost certainly include a Nasdaq listing.
over-the-counter	продаваемый без посредства биржи, без посредника, напрямую (о ценной бумаге)	The phrase "over-the-counter" can be used to refer to stocks that trade via a dealer network as opposed to on a centralized exchange.
insolvent	неплатежеспособный; разорившийся	The World Bank concluded that Hungary's two largest commercial banks, Magyan Hitel and Kereskedelmi, are technically insolvent.

At other times and in other places money takes different forms. Historically many different commodities have been used as money – gold is probably the most widely known of these – but even today, in some parts of the world, commodities such as shells or large stones are used as money. For any commodity to function as money it must fulfil four functions:

1. It must act as a unit of account, i.e. the unit used to express the relative values of different commodities.

2. It must act as a standard of deferred payment, i.e. a means by which spending can be deferred from the present to some future date, as in the case of contracts.

3. It must act as a store of value, i.e. a means by which today’s wealth can be retained for future use.

4. It must act as a medium of exchange, i.e. a means by which the process of exchange can be separated into two distinct acts of buying and selling, without requiring that the seller should purchase goods from the person who buys his goods, or vicee versa.

The commodity chosen as money varies depending on its major function. In societies where money is primarily used as a wealth form money can take the form of livestock – cattle, for instance – or large stones, or precious metals. The most important characteristics of these commodities are durability and stable value. In exchange economies the commodity chosen will need to have the characteristics of portability, divisibility and homogeneity. In such economies the money stock typically comprises coins, notes and deposits, represented in transactions by cheques. All money commodities will have to be recognizable as such, and in addition, in economies where there is a lack of stability in the financial system, or where the financial system is not developed, the money commodity will need to have intrinsic value, i.e. to be useful for some purpose other than money. Thus, it can be seen that it is not necessary for money to be legal tender. Money can be anything in which people have confidence that it will perform the four functions we noted above.

The most useful definition of money is therefore that ‘money is anything which is generally acceptable as such’. This definition allows for the fact that the commodity chosen as money will vary according to the circumstances prevailing in particular economies.