Ex 19 A. Rearrange the statements in the correct order to make a summery of the text

Reading Comprehension Exercise

Additional Vocabulary

1. load-bearing ['ləud 'bɛərɪŋ] wall - несущая стена

2. soil - грунт; почва; нанос || пачкать(ся), грязниться

3. top soil - верхний слой почвы

4. cohesive [kəu'hisiv] – связный, когезионный

5. non-cohesive soil – несвязный грунт

6. extensive ['ekskəveit] settlement – обширная осадка

7. strip foundation - ленточный фундамент

8. pile foundation - свайный фундамент; свайное основание

9. raft foundation - сплошной фундамент, фундамент в виде ростверка

10. foundation trench [trent∫] - котлован под (ленточный) фундамент

11. excavate ['ekskəveit] - рыть, копать; производить земляные работы; вынимать грунт

12. end bearing pile - несущая свая; свая-стойка; свая-колонна

13. driven ['drivn] pile - забивная свая

14. pre-formed pile - готовая свая (заводского изготовления)

15. pre-cast pile - сборная железобетонная свая

16. cast insitu pile - бетонная набивная свая

17. pier [piə] foundation - столбчатое основание; кессонный фундамент

18. piling rig – копёр

19. ground beam – лежень; фундаментная балка, ростверк

20. formwork – опалубка, опалубочные конструкции; опалубочные работы

21. wet concrete - пластичная бетонная смесь

Ex. 17. Answer the questions. For each answer mark A, B or C to show the correct choice.

1. What is the most common form of foundation?

A. a strip of concrete B. a piece of stone C. bedrock

2. Which soil is never to be used as a base for a foundation?

A. non-cohesive soil B. granular soil C. top soil

3. What doesn’t the ordinary concrete mixture for foundation contain?

A. Portland cement B. mineral soil C. water

4. Which type of foundation spreads loads over the whole ground floor area?

A. strip foundation B. pile foundation C. raft foundation

5. What do piled foundations require?

A. wet weather B. excavated soil C. a piling rig

6. With what structures are bearing piles more cost saving?

A. blocks of flats B. single family homes C. greenhouses

7. How many piers can support a typical house?

A. one or two B. six or eight C. twenty or thirty

Ex. 18. Say to which paragraph the suggested phrases could serve as subtitles. Arrange them in the right order.

A. Use of pile and pier foundations

B. Types of soils and their influence on the foundation

C. Basic types of foundations

A) Each of the basic types of foundations has advantages and limitations.

B) Bearing pressure and the type of soil cause different degrees of consolidation and settlement.

C) Pier foundations aren’t economic but help in solving problems with ground and obstructions.

D) End bearing piles have special uses and are specific for manufacturing.

E) Concrete is used to produce simple but strong foundations.

F) The depth and width of the concrete strip is determined by the nature of the ground and the load of the building.

Ex 19 B. Expand on each item with one or more sentences to retell the text.

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