The level of the linguistic signs

The level of a report.

The level of an utterance.

The level of description of a situation.

The level of purpose of communication.

The equivalence of translation consists in the maximal identity of all the levels of content of the source language text and its translation.

The units of the original text and its translation can be equivalent to each other at all five levels or at some of them only. Fully or partly equivalent units and potentially equivalent utterances objectively exist in the source language and in the language of translation, however their correct estimation, a selection and use rely on knowledge, abilities and creative capabilities of a translator, his ability to take into account and compare all the aggregate of linguistic and extralinguistic factors. In the process of translation a translator decides the difficult problem of finding and correct using of the necessary elements of the system of equivalent units, on the base of which the utterances equivalent communicatively in two languages are created.

The potentially attainable equivalence are distinguished that means the maximal commonness of the content of two different language texts, assumed by the distinctions of two languages which these texts are created in, and the translating equivalence that is the real semantic closeness of the original text and its translation achieved by a translator in the process of translation. The maximally possible linguistic extent of saving the content of the source language text during translation is the limit of the translating equivalence, but in every separate translation a semantic closeness to the original text in a different extent and in a number of different ways approaches to the maximal one.

The differences in the systems of the initial language and the language of translation and features of creation of texts in each of these languages in a different extent can limit possibility of the complete saving the content of the source language text in translation. Therefore, the translating equivalence can be based on saving (and accordingly on losing) the different elements of sense that are contained in the source language text. Depending on what part of the content is passed in translation for providing its equivalence, the different levels or types of equivalence are distinguished, but the main is that translation can provide interlingual communication at any level of equivalence.

Any text accomplishes some communicative function such as reports some facts, expresses emotions, sets the contact between interlocutors, requires some reaction or actions from the listeners etc. A presence of a similar purpose determines the general character of the passed reports and their linguistic registration in the process of communication.

The equivalence of translations of the first type consists in saving only that part of content of the source language text, which indicates the general speech function of the text in the act of communication and is the purpose of communication.

The relations between the source language text and the target language one is characterized by:

1) Uncompareness of lexical composition and syntactic organization.

2) Impossibility to link a vocabulary and structure of the source language text and its translation by the relations of the semantic rephrasing or syntactic transformation.

3) Absence of the real or direct logical connections between the reports in the source language text and its translation, which would allow to assert that the same is reported in both cases.

4) The least commonness of the source language text and its translation in comparison with all the other translations acknowledged equivalent.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-23