Ex.4.5. Translate into English making use of the words in black type in the article above

Ex.4.4. Perephrase the following sentences using the words in bold type from the article above. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1) After his unsuccessful attempt to go into politics, he went back to his law practice.

2) We don’t know all the circumstances, so it would be pointless to think/talk about what happened.

3) She has a great ambition to succeed in business.

4) You must obey the law.

5) His doctor advised him to avoid alcohol.

6) The agency tried to jazz up the company’s rather old-fashioned image.

7) I can only guess that he left unwillingly.

8) Her reassuring words drove away our doubts and fears.

9) The security of the whole organization has been destroyed by their carelessness.

10) She thought that reading romantic novels was a useless pastime.

11) What’s the shortest way from London to Cambrige?

12) The economy has gone into a sudden and very big decline.

13) Don’t interrupt John; he is trying to handle the accounts.

14) Reports of the earthquake dominated all other news.

15) ‘A prominent politician must pay attention to the mood of people,’ he said.

16) This hospital has been the centre of public attention because of the new techniques of heart surgery being pioneered here.

17) She blushed and tried to change the topic of the conversation.

18) When he tried to make a little joke, the judge warned him not to give flippant replies to the lawyer’s questions

1) Мы стараемся держаться подальше от шефа, когда он не в духе.

2) Когда мы были молоды, мы были такими беспечными и беззаботными.

3) Мне бы не хотелось строить догадки о причинах её ухода.

4) Первая попытка компании выйти на компьютерный рынок оказалась успешной.

5) Ему надоело быть учителем, и он стал писать рассказы.

6) Ни за что не могу себе представить её в таком немодном платьице!

7) Он пытается развеять слухи о своём намерении заняться политикой.

8) Я никогда не мечтал стать богатым и оказаться в центре всеобщего внимания.

9) Многие избиратели вновь стали голосовать за лейбористов.

10) Постарайся не нарываться на неприятности.

11) Несмотря на его профессиональные успехи, жена всегда его затмевала.

12) Раньше я чуть ли не каждый день размышлял о будущем.

13) Путь к успеху может быть довольно крут.

14) Если вы вступаете в клуб, вы должны соблюдать его правила.

Ex.4.6. Find in the article above adjectives describing the First Ladies (their looks, career, traits of character, etc) and write them down (your list must contain at least twenty adjectives). Then find among them:

a) three pairs of synonyms;

b) two words which are similar in meaning and one word which is opposite in meaning to the word smart;

c) ten words which can be turned into their antonyms by adding prefixes in- or un- (e.g. fashionable – unfashionable);

d) one synonym to each of the following words: prosaic, famous, go-getting, thin;

e) one antonym to each of the following words: repulsive, serious, girlish, powerless.

Reading & Speaking 1

`It's high time men ceased to regard women as second-class citizens'

This is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldn't think so if you could hear what the average man thinks of the average woman. Women won their independence years ago. After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world. They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field. The hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is by no means over. It is men, not women who still carry on the sex war because their attitude remains basically hostile. Even in the most progressive societies, women continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens. To hear some men talk, you'd think that women belonged to a different species!

On the surface, the comments made by men about women's abilities seem light-hearted. The same tired jokes about women drivers are repeated day in, day out. This apparent light-heartedness does not conceal the real contempt that men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out by statistics. Let's consider the matter of driving, for instance. We all know that women cause far fewer accidents than men. They are too conscientious and responsible to drive like maniacs. But this is a minor quibble. Women have succeeded in any job you care to name. As politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory-hands, university professors, farmers, company directors, lawyers, bus-conductors, scientists and presidents of countries they have often put men to shame. And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children.

Yet men go on maintaining the fiction that there are many jobs women can't do. Top-level political negotiation between countries, business and banking are almost entirely controlled by men, who jealously guard their so-called `rights'. Even in otherwise enlightened places women haven't even been given the vote. This situation is preposterous! The arguments that men put forward to exclude women from these fields are all too familiar. Women, they say, are unreliable and irrational. They depend too little on cool reasoning and too much on intuition and nstinct to arrive at decisions. They are not even capable of thinking clearly. Yet when women prove their abilities, men refuse to acknowledge them and give them their due. So much for a man's ability to think clearly!

The truth is that men cling to their supremacy because of their basic inferiority complex. They shun real competition. They know in their hearts that women are superior and they are afraid of being beaten at their own game. One of the most important tasks in the world is to achieve peace between the nations. You can be sure that if women were allowed to sit round the conference table, they would succeed brillantly, as they always do, where men have failed for centuries. Some things are too important to be left to men!

Ex.4.7. Translate the following sentences, phrases and word combinations into Russian and use them in sentences of your own:

1) enlightened age 2) a different species 3) tired jokes 4) day in, day out 5) the apparent light-heartedness 6) However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out by statistics 7) conscientious drivers 8) a minor quibble 9) factory-hands 10) to put sb to shame 11) This situation is preposterous! 12) to give sb their due 13) So much for…! 14) Men cling to their supremacy because of their basic inferiority complex 15) They shun real competition.

Ex.4.8. Insert prepositions where necessary.

1) They know …… their hearts that women are superior and they are afraid …… being beaten …… their own game

2) However much men sneer …… women, their claims …… superiority are not borne …… …… statistics.

3) Women have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior …… men …… almost every field.

4) …… the surface, the comments made …… men …… women's abilities seem light-hearted.

5) Women say that men shun …… real competition.

6) The hard-fought battle …… recognition has been won, but it is …… no means …….

7) The same tired jokes …… women drivers are repeated day ……, day …….

8) Men say that women depend too little …… cool reasoning and too much …… intuition and instinct to arrive …… decisions.

Ex.4.9. Study the following and divide into two ‘parties’. You should give your party a name, some kind of a motto, and a programme. Imagine that you are to meet, say, a hundred school teachers, and your aim is to persuade them that you and you only are right and that they simply must help you win the coming elections – their life will most surely change then! Choose your leader, let everyone speak, beat your opponents, make them vote for you! The following arguments and counter-arguments will help the two parties.

The argument: key words

1. Supposed to be enlightened age: not really so.

2. Women won independence years ago.

3. Long struggle: equal educational opportunities as men.

4. Proved repeatedly: equal, often superior to men in every field. Battle not over: men carry on sex war; basically hostile.

5. Even in progressive societies: women second-rate citizens; different species!

6. Light-hearted comments made by men: e.g. women drivers.

7. Does not conceal real contempt; but statistics disprove their claims.

8. Take driving: women: fewer accidents; responsible drivers, not maniacs.

9. Success in any job: politicians, etc. - bear and rear children as well.

10. Men maintain fiction: women can't do certain jobs.

11. E.g. top-level political negotiation, banking, no vote in certain countries.

12. Why? Familiar arguments: women unreliable, irrational, depend on instinct, intuition.

13. Men refuse to acknowledge proven ability. Clear thinking?

14. Men cling to supremacy: inferiority complex.

15. Shun competition; may be beaten.

16. Most important task: world peace.

17. Success if negotiations by women; some things too important to be done by men.

The counter-argument: key words

1. Women: militant, shout louder because they have weak case.

2. Even now, they still talk like suffragettes.

3. It's nonsense to claim that men and women are equal and have the same abilities.

4. Women: different biological function; physically weaker; different, not inferior, intellectually.

5. Impossible to be wives, mothers and successful career women.

6. Really are unreliable: employers can't trust them. Not their fault: leave jobs to get married, have children.

7. Great deal of truth in light-hearted jokes: e.g. women drivers. Women: less practical, less mechanically-minded.

8. Most women glad to let men look after important affairs.

9. They know that bearing and rearing children are more important.

10. That's why there are few women in politics, etc. They are not excluded; they exclude themselves.

11. Anyway, we live in woman-dominated societies: e.g. USA, Western Europe.

12. Who is the real boss in the average household? Certainly not father!

13. Men are second-class citizens and women should grant them equal status!

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