N e p h r o l I t h I a s I s

TEST

1. Acute inflections always precede the … of acute nephritis.

a) end

b) course

c) onset

d) development

e) cessation

2. … plays the predominant pole in the cause of acute glomerular nephritis.

a) pneumococci

b) staphylococci

c) H pylori

d) streptococci

e) coma-shaped bacteria

3. The patient may develop the clinical picture of acute nephritis within a period of …

a) 1-2 hours

b) a day

c) 1-2 days

d) 2-8 days

e) a week

4. More often the patient has only evidences of renal inflammation as shown by the …

a) blood analyses

b) sputum examination

c) urine examination

d) hemoglobin tests

e) bilirubin tests

5. … is the most characteristic symptom of acute nephritis.

a) hematuria

b) oliguria

c) anemia

d) albuminuria

e) hypertension

6. … is not an important syndrome in acute nephritis.

a) inflammation

b) edema

c) dysuria

d) albuminuria

e) dyspnea

7. The eye fundus shows evidences of … in elevation of blood pressure in acute nephritis.

a) conjunctivitis

b) hemorrhage

c) albuminuric retinitis

d) blood spots

e) edema

8. The chief changes occurring … acute glomerular nephritis are swelling and disintegration of the endothelial cells.

a) with

b) at

c) in

d) on

e) by

9. Disturbances of urination is characterized … a scanty outflow of urine.

a) with

b) in

c) at

d) on

e) by

10. Sometimes the blood pressure rises rapidly … 200 / 120 mm Hg.

a) at

b) to

c) toward

d) by

e) with

Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation:

Nephrolithiasis [nefrəliθi'eisis], calculi ['kælkjulai], pyelonephritis [paiələuni'fraitis], gravel ['græv(ə)l], rough [rΛf], hydronephrosis [haidrəni'frəusis],ureter [juə'ri:tə], excruciating [iks'kru:∫ieitiŋ], stasis ['stæsis], anuria [ə'njuəriə], uremia [juə'ri:miə], ensue [in'sju:]

Exercise 2. Topic vocabulary:

Calculus (calculi) – камень (камни)

Gravel – гравий, галька

Stag-horn - разветвленный

Rough – грубый, неровный

Persistent - длительный

Flank – бок, сторона

Groin - пах

Soreness - чувствительность

Intermittent - периодический

To ensue – следовать

Excruciating - мучительный

Exercise 3. The following list gives you the suffixes from which most common conditions and operations are derived.

Suffixes:

— itis...........inflammation of — ostomy.........the formation of a

— osis..........a condition of new opening

— otomy ….anopening into — plasty......... a reformation of

— ectomy …excisionof — gram.......... an X-ray picture of

— oma.........a tumor of

Make up as manyterms as possible and explain their meaning as in the example:

Tracheotomy – a surgical incision into the trachea

Exercise 4. Choose the correct definitions to the following terms:

1) calculus 1)obstruction and infection of the kidney resulting in pus

formation;

2 ) obstruction 2) denoting stoppage of a flow of liquid, stagnation;

3) renal (adj.)3) a term indicating the blockage of a body vessel. It may

by caused by foreign objects by naturally formed«stones»

(gallstones);

4) pyonephritis4) relating to or affecting the kidney;

5) stasis 5) a stone a hard pebble-like mass formed within the body,

particularly in the gall bladder or in the urinary tract.

Exercise 5. Read and translate the text:

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