Headache

H E A D A C H E

TEST

1. An allergy is an abnormal reaction or increased sensitivity to ….

a) insect bites;

b) allergens;

c) flowers.

2. Numerous allergens may cause symptoms of allergic…

a) itching;

b) coughing;

c) rhinitis.

3. When your ….. system is exposed to allergens, it produces antibodies.

a) immune;

b) nervous;

c) cardio-vascular.

4. A quick, decisive epinephrine injection can be ….

a) a fatal one;

b) a life-saver;

c) unnecessary.

5. The substances responsible for the allergy must be ….

a) identified;

b) avoided;

c) produced.

6. …… is an acute allergic reaction.

a) itching of the skin;

b) tongue swelling;

c) anaphylaxis.

7. Immunotherapy is a process whereby a person is given

a) necessary medications;

b) injections of the allergen;

c) proper treatment for low blood pressure.

Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation:

Migraine ['mi:grein], atherosclerosis [æθərəusliə'rəusis], crisis ['kraisis], yawning ['jɔ:niŋ], consciousness ['kɔn∫əsnis], myocardium [maiəu'ka:diəm], peculiarity [pikju:li'æriti], encounter [in'kauntə], psychiatric [saiki'ætrik], fatiguability [fəti:gə'biliti]

Exercise 2. Topic vocabulary:

To encounter – встречать(ся)

Value – значение

On the background – на фоне

Indisposition – нездоровье, легкое недомогание

Formidable yawning – сильное зевание

Fatiguability – утомляемость

In particular – в особенности, в частности

To arise – возникать

To omit – пропускать

Peculiarity – особенность

Appropriate - соответствующий

To be inclined to – быть склонным к

Exercise 3. Give Russian equivalents;

A great value, the so-called vascular variant, brain vessels, infectious inflammatory processes, sensation of weakness, throbbing pain, pressing pain, squeezing pain, appropriate treatment, increased fatiguability, moderate headache, internal organs, insufficiency of brain circulation, prolonged attack, cervical radiculitis.

Exercise 4. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Participles:

The blood coming from the lungs is rich in oxygen.

The accompanying symptoms of the flu are high temperature, muscular pains and vomiting.

The count made a week ago was normal.

Scarlet fever is characterized by rash covering the whole trunk.

The excised mass measured 2 cm in diameter.

The patient operated on yesterday complained of a severe headache.

Exercise 5. Read and translate the text:

Headache is one of the most frequent symptoms encountered in medical practice.

The great value in development of a headache is given to the vascular factor. The so-called vascular variant of a headache is observed in many vascular, cardiovascular diseases and pathological conditions, including migraine, hypertonic disease, arterial hypotension, atherosclerosis of brain vessels, disturbed brain circulation, acute and chronic cardiac insufficiency.

Other kind of a headache develops in pathological processes, primarily affection of sensitive receptors and nerves. It may include headache observed in pathological processes in the brain (a tumour, abscesses, hematomas and so on), in infectious inflammatory processes of the brain matter and brain membranes (encephalitis, meningitis, arachnoiditis), in cervical radiculitis, diseases of the nose, ears, eyes.

The third kind of a headache is caused basically by damage of muscles of the skull. Character of a headache can be various. A throbbing or pressing headache localized in the area of the back of the head and accompanied by dizziness, tinnitis, nausea (sometimes vomiting), "flash spots " before eyes on the background of high arterial pressure (it is most often observed in hypertonic crisis) are signs of a headache of this etiology. In a low level of arterial pressure, the headache in most cases is moderate, the most expressed in the mornings. It is often accompanied by sensation of weakness, indisposition, formidable yawning. Such patients are inclined to faints, they often complain of palpitation and increased fatiguability.

Headache is a frequent symptom of some acute and chronic diseases of internal organs, in particular diseases of the heart.

Some patients complain of squeezing headaches, dizziness in prolonged attack of stenocardia, in acute myocardial infarction. In some cases the patients with acute myocardial infarction the headache is accompanied by losing of consciousness.

Complete medical, neurological and psychiatric examinations are sometimes necessary to get at the root of the trouble. The ophthalmoscopic examination must never be omitted when the symptom of headache is evaluated.

In conclusion it is necessary to emphasize that the headache is a symptom of many diseases and pathological conditions. The analysis of its peculiarities together with other signs makes it possible to make the correct diagnosis and to administer appropriate treatment.

POST-TEXT ASSIGNMENT

Exercise 6. Answer the questions:

In what diseases is the vascular factor observed?

When does other kind of a headache develop?

What is the 3^rd kind of a headache caused by?

what kind of a headache do patients complain of in stenocardia and acute myocardial infarction?

What examinations are necessary to understand the root of the trouble?

What must never be omitted when the symptom of a headache is evaluated?

Exercise 7. Agree or contradict the following statements:

The vascular factor of headache is observed in migraine, arterial hypertension and other diseases associated with damaged vessels.

There are no headaches in pathological processes in the brain.

The ophthalmoscopic examination should be excluded in evaluation of headache.

A complete history is essential in frequent headaches.

Headaches in myocardium infarction arise due to insufficiency of brain circulation.

In low arterial pressure the headache is the most expressed in the evening.

Exercise 8. Find English equivalents of the following word combinations:

Самый частый симптом, чувствительные рецепторы, продолжительный приступ, соответствующее лечение, оболочки мозга, воспалительный процесс, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, шейный радикулит, пульсирующая головная боль, гипертонический криз, недостаточность мозгового кровообращения, умеренная головная боль, сжимающая головная боль.

Exercise 9. Define the parts of speech:

Pathological, vascular, basically, palpitation, dizziness, insufficiency, primarily, internal, frequent, condition, possible, suddenly, urgent, matter, receptor, inflammatory, arterial, often, sign

Exercise 10. Make up sentences to the underlined words:

Headache may be observed in pathological processes in the brain.

Headache due to low arterial pressure is often accompanied by weakness, formidable yawning and fatiguability.

The ophthalmoscopic examination must never be omitted when the symptom of headache is evaluated.

Some patients complain of squeezing headaches, dizziness in prolonged attack of stenocardia.

In some cases the patients with acute myocardium infarction the headache is accompanied by losing of consciousness.

Exercise 11. Translate into English:

Второй вид головной боли развивается при патологических процессах, прежде всего поражении чувствительных рецепторов и нервов.

Третий вид головной боли вызван повреждением мышц черепа.

Головная боль третьего типа характеризуется пульсирующей или давящей болью в затылке.

Больной жалуется на головокружение, шум в ушах, тошноту и даже рвоту.

Головная боль – частый симптом некоторых острых и хронических заболеваний внутренних органов.

Офтальмологический осмотр должен быть сделан при оценке головной боли.

Exercise 12. Explain the terms in English:

hematoma

tinnitus

faint

Exercise 13. Repeat medical terminology. INJURIES.Choose the correct answer.

1. He got that.....on his forehead when he ran into an open cupboard door in the dark a few days ago.

a) blister b) bruise c) scar d) sprain

2. Mary was.....by a wasp while she was gathering some pears.

a) bitten b) eaten c) stung d) wounded

3. Be carefol you don't.....yourself when you are cutting those roses.

a) pick b) prick c) sting d) wound

4. I fell off my bicycle when I was five and I still have a..... on my knee.

a) freckle b) scar c) hole d) scratch

5. He got a terrible.....on the head when he forgot to bend as he went through

the low doorway.

a) bump b) hunch c) ripple d) wrinkle

6. This.....dates from my operation last year.

a) cut b) scar c) scratch d) sore

7. A sword will only draw blood if it actually.....the skin.

a) pierces b) pricks c) plunges d) thrusts

8. I have a..... on my leg where you hit me.

a) blister b) bruise c)hole d)round

9. She cried so much that her face became......

a) fat b) soft c) swollen d) torn

10. If you are so senseless as to go on long walks in tight-fitting shoes, you must expect to get ….

a) blisters b) bruises c) scars d) scratches

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