The key success factors when implementing an urban cadastre

Text 9C

Experience resulted from many investigations and observations suggests main key success factors when implementing an urban cadastre: clarification of the legal framework, strengthening of the social assessment and participation and use of new technologies. To solve these old problems a land use planner should take them into account.

It is necessary to clarify the legal framework which is often incomplete or inadequate. It should provide a clear typology of land tenure and ownership and occupant rights, a good definition of claims hierarchy and conflict resolution mechanisms. This should be done in respect of overriding interests including customary and indigenous rights. The process implemented must be based on equity and fairness and respect the de facto use and occupancy rights of the poorest population who is mainly living in urban fringes and shanty towns. The review of the legal framework should also be performed in with respect to a sustainable environmental development. This includes identification and demarcation of protected and buffer areas.

The legal framework should provide a clear distribution of responsibilities between land and real estate agencies. As cadastral and registry integration is often a key issue, legal arrangements should be set up to guarantee a long term consistency between cadastral and registral information. This includes a clear definition of roles and responsibilities of cadastral and registral services as well as private surveyors and notaries. All stakeholders should feel the ownership of the reforms and follow the rules in their future day to day activities.

When preparing a cadastre you have to survey and visit each piece of land and each building where people are living. In this process, social assessment and participation that encourage population participation appear essential. All along the project it is important to focus on this issue. Prior to the implementation of the project, a specific social assessment will allow to identify main project beneficiaries and key social issues. At the beginning of the implementation, a national, municipal and local information campaign will facilitate population understanding and consequently ownership of the project by the population. During the project, the field data acquisition process will be governed by population participation and efficient conflict resolution mechanisms. A few years after the project, it is important to carry out studies to assess the social impact of the project on beneficiaries.

Strengthening the social assessment and participation requires innovative approaches. For instance there is a special need for flexible solutions in urban fringes with high rate of spontaneous urbanization and informal sprawling settlements. In most of the cases, the social activities must be based on bottom up approaches rather than top down traditional approaches. It is essential to get a large consensus among the final beneficiaries whether they are legal owners or simply de facto occupants.

It's also necessary to use new technologies to solve old problems. There are three technical steps for which rapid technological evolution is determinant: the acquisition of information, the management and maintenance of the information and the exchange and distribution of the information.

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