Hardly. Entirely

USAGE NOTES

Word Study

Ex. 3. Read sentences with new words and translate them. Check how much you have remembered.

1. In her leisure time she visited museums and galleries.

2. They bought an old aircraft to provide cheap charterflights.

3. Entertainment means things that interest and amuse (= enjoy) people.

4. Tourism is still regarded as entirely a Western form of cultural imperialism.

5. When most working people in Britain had their official annual holiday they used to stay at home.

6. The simple opportunity to stay in bed for an hour longer on a weekday morning constitutes a sort of holiday in itself.

7. The first Britain holiday makers who visited Spain in 1950s needed help to persuade them that abroad was not absolutely terrifying.

8. The holiday camp provided standardized accommodation where everybody ate the same food at the same time and everything has been done to a schedule.

9. Enterprise often means the ability to think of new activities or ideas and make them work but sometimes it is used for a company organization or business.

10. Back country means an area especially in the mountains away from roads and towns.

11. A package holiday or package deal is a pre-paid holiday with fixed dates of departure and return organized by tour operator including transport, accommodation, meals, sightseeing tours and even entertainment.

12. Disney’s theme parks with new attractionsconstitute the bulk (= the largest part) of company’s business.

13. Theme park is a type of parks where you can unwind riding on a big machine such as roller coaster (= американские горки) and a big wheel (= колесо обозрения).

Ex. 4. Match the words from column A with their equivalents in column B.

A	B
1. to constitute	1. time-table
2. activity	2. business
3. schedule	3. to replace
4. entirely	4. skilled
5. enterprise	5. to provide
6. to explore	6. to form
7. at hand	7. close
8. to unwind	8. to examine
9. staff	9. completely
10. to regard	10. to consider
11. to supply	11. pastime
12. experienced 13. to substitute	12. workers 13. to relax

Ex. 5. Study the notes carefully with the help of a teacher or a dictionary.

Hardly is a negative word and means: almost not; it is not the adverb of hard.

Compare: She works hard.

She hardly works.

Hardly is not used with another negative word: hardly any pollution (not hardly no pollution).

Hardly usually comes before the main verb: He could hardly speak.

Hardly is used at the beginning of sentences only in very formal and old-fashioned writing. People would say and usually write: The journey had hardly began when it started to rain. Compare the formal: Hardly had the journey began when it started to rain.

There are several word expressions with hardly:

can /could hardly do something = cannot / could not do

hardly anyone / anything = almost no one or almost nothing

hardly any = very few

hardly ever = almost never

hardly a day goes by when / without = something happens almost every day

hardly the time / place / person = a very unsuitable time, place, person.

Entirely means: completely and every possible way: an entirely different manner.

(Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)

Ex. 6. Read the sentences, paying attention to the meaning of the words "hardly” and “entirely”. Translate the sentences.

1. I hate this town. There's hardly anything to do and hardly anywhere to go here.

2. I enjoyed driving this morning. There was hardly any traffic.

3. Some years ago a lot of people could hardly spend their holidays abroad.

4. In her leisure time she hardly visited museums and galleries.

5. Hardly a day goes by when I don't think of travelling to Paris.

6. It is hardly what I could call perfect accommodations.

7. The program consists entirely of recorded interviews with the participants of the voyage.

8. She devoted (= посвятила) herself entirely to her research.

9. Package holiday changed entirely the British attitude to their holiday and “abroad”.

10. British holiday makers could live entirely like millionaires in the countries like Spain and Portugal.

Ex. 7. Fill in the words from below.Listen and check.

1. Millions of people all over the world __________ their holidays travelling.

2. Many tourists like to spend the entire evening taking a walk and __________.

3. Last year Britain __________ nearly 21 million visitors.

4. Yesterday I planned the __________ for my visit to Boston.

5. __________ used to mean at best a day trip to a seaside resort and hardly more.

6. The holiday camps __________ cheap holidays for working people.

7. Full __________ program includes shows, discos and cabarets.

8. We found that the restaurant was closed for the __________ period of our stay in the hotel.

9. They could __________ offer an active social program of events during the day.

10. __________ time is when you are not entirely working or studying and can unwind and do things you enjoy.

hardly, schedule, going away, provide, spend, attracted, entertainment, window-shopping, entire, leisure

Ex. 8. Read the text and render it.

A national park is a large place of land. In the park people are free to come and go. Trees and plants grow entirely everywhere. People go to a national park to enjoy nature. Many people stay in campgrounds in national parks. Entirely all of them sleep in tents and cook their food over campfires. Hardly a day goes when they don't walk on trails (= тропинки) or paths in the parks. On the gate at the entrance of Yellowstone National Park in America, for example, a sign says “For the Benefit and Enjoyment of People”.

Ex. 9. Study the notes carefully with the help of a teacher or a dictionary.

USAGE NOTES:

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