Word Study. Ex. 3. Read and translate the sentences with new words

Ex. 3. Read and translate the sentences with new words. Check how much have you remembered.

1. Russia stretches across both Europe and Asia spanning almost 10 thousand kilometers with 11 time zones.

2. Russia occupies a sizable part of the European and Asian continent, so the vast territory of the country can be divided into several traditional economic regions.

3. Russia encompasses with its territory immense differences in climate, economic conditions and cultural traditions.

4. Siberia is almost the size of Europe and larger than the USA including the variety of the territory from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean in the East and from the Arctic Ocean to China and Mongolia.

5. The three mighty Siberian rivers: Ob’, Lena, Enisei are comparable to the Nile and the Amazon among the world’s longest rivers.

6. The rivers used to play an important role making possible distant and suburban passenger connections and serve as means of transport.

7. According to early Russian chronicals the name Rus’ was declared for the impressive land of the Eastern Slavs in the ninth century.

8. With Ivan the Terrible Russia had gradually gained control of the whole of Volga region and Bashkiria opening the way along the Kama River to Siberia with its enormous wealth f furs and mineral resources.

9. Entering the world market demands from Russian economists to adoptcomplicated mana- gement in industry and agriculture.

10.The first mention of Moscow was contained in the chronicles for 1147 nearly a century before the Mongol-Tatar invasion.

11.St Petersburg has many hidden spots that are as good as prominent tourist attractions of the West.

Ex. 4. Match the words from column A with their equivalents from column B.

A 1. prominent 2. to destroy 3. severe 4. grandest 5. dignitary 6. complicated 7. to refurbish 8. vivid 9. available 10.to ensure

B 1. to repair and improve 2. complex 3. accessible 4. outstanding 5. extremely big 6. to provide 7. to break down 8. very cold 9. bright and clear 10. someone who has an important official position

Ex. 5. Complete the sentences with the words from the list below. Listen and check.

1. There are 6 vegetation zones which ________ across the country.

2. It used to be ________ Siberia which now opens its vast territories for leisure and adventurous tours.

3. There is ________ a country in the world where such variety of scenery and vegetation can be found.

4. The Dagomys Hotel – a pyramidal 27-storied building – dominates the architectural entity of the ________.

5. Suzdal’ is the most ________ place of the Golden Ring with its 200 architecture monuments of the past millennium.

6. The bridges across the Moskva and Yauza rivers are ________ of the city, especially in the evening when they are illuminated in a showy way.

7. Siberia is almost the size of Europe and larger than the USA ________ from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean in the East and from the Arctic Ocean to China and Mongolia.

8. The first mention of Moscow appeared a century before the Mongol-Tatar ________.

	spanning distant adornment invasion fabulous complex stretches hardly

Ex. 6. Study the sentences and choose the most suitable word. Listen and check.

1. Sochi has all ingredients for a perfect / well / easy seaside holiday.

2. Another big / bright / impressive attraction in Sochi is the Aqua-park and a day bus ride to Ritsa Lake.

3. The main selling / buying / trading town in the North of Russia used to be Novgorod the Great on the river Volkhov.

4. In a few kilometers from Vladimir, there is a resent / masterpiece / giant of the old Russian architecture – the Church of the Protection of the Nerli river.

5. The opportunities for fishing in the Amur river are unique / good / impossible because of the 85 species of fish; only the Mississippi and the Amazon are richer.

6. If you want to spend some time in a national park, you will find plenty of parking sites considerable / available / remarkable.

Ex.7. Listen to the text, read it and render the information which can be suitable for the a) tourist guide, b) economic survey.

Russia was the most populous state of the former USSR and also the wealthiest one. It produced 78 per cent of all its natural gas, 60 per cent of steel, 80 per cent of timber and 91 per cent of oil. It also has one of the world’s largest fishing industries.

The history of Russian industry goes back to the middle of the seventeenth century. The development of new industries and crafts – metal working, textiles, brick making and china manufacture – was encouraged under Peter the Great. During the reign of Catherine the Great, the Urals became the focus for iron industry, and Russia became the world’s largest iron producer.

After 1870 the fast railway engineering in Russia was stimulated by industrial boom. Some deals were made with western companies to develop Russian’s immense oil resources. By 1903 Russia had been the world’s largest oil producer.

Before the Revolution Russia was one of the world’s largest grain producers and exporters. But lately Russia became one of its biggest importers as a result of collectivization and mismanagement of agriculture.

In Soviet times, the central planning system was inefficient as regards (= что касается) both production and distribution of goods. By 1980s the quality gap between home and western products could no longer be ignored and called for reforms. Entering the world market demands from Russian economists the creation of effective management in industry and agriculture.

Until its industry can be modernized, Russia will remain dependent on the energy sector. Before 1986 it was planned that an expanded nuclear programme could help the conversation of other energy resources. But after the Chernobyl disaster, these plans were sharply curtailed.

However, disposal of nuclear waste and closing down of old power plants remain major problems not only for Russia but for other industrial countries as well.

Ex. 8. Match the verbs with the suitable nouns and the definite article. Explain the word combinations and learn them.

1. to found 2. to cover 3. to border 4. to occupy 5. to destroy 6. to face 7. to unveil 8. to strengthen 9. to adopt 10. to reunite 11. to reach 12. to gain

the

a) problem b) city c) country d) monument e) state f) territory g) part h) control i) position j) supremacy k) system l) language

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