Substations

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The building up of a power system is of great importance for the na. tional economy. An economical utilization of the power plant install*, tions and of the sources of power is achieved by interconnected operation of a series of power plants in a common power distribution system.

6. Answer these questions:

1. What enterprises are called electric power consumers?

2. When do their operating characteristics vary?

3. What consumers belong to the four different groups?

4. What conditions does the load graph determine?

5. What type of system is called a power system?

6. What processes interconnect the components of a power system?

7. In what way is an economical utilization of power installation? achieved?

7. Describe a power system and its operation.

1. a) Cover the right column and read the English words. Translate them into Russian and check your translation.

b) Cover the left column and translate the Russian words back into English.

auxiliary	[o:g'zili3n]	вспомогательный, добавочный
breaker		выключатель, прерыватель
busbar		собирательная шина
feeder		фидер
flexible		гибкий
to comprise	[kam'praiz]	включать в себя
to distribute	[di'stribjuit]	распределять
as... to		что касается
as well as		так же, как и

2. Put down the Russian equivalents of these word combinations. Trans­late them back into English (orally).

circuit breaker J

auxiliary units________________________________________ I

distribution centre

flexible construction_____________________________________

reliable operation_______________________________________

switch gear bus________________________________________

hydraulic as well as solar sources of energy_____________________

as to phase-word motors__________________________________

3. Fill in as well as, as to and translate the sentences:

1. Excessive starting current may result in fluctuations in the voltage... in other faults of the motor.

2.... A.C. motors they are subdivided into single- and three-phase motors.

A substation is designed to receive energy from a power system, convert it and distribute it to the feeders. Thus a substation serves as a distribution centre. Substations feed (supply) various consumers pro­vided that their basic load characteristics are similar. Therefore the en­ergy is distributed without transformation of the voltage supplied.

Common substations comprise isolators, switchgear buses, oil cir­cuit breakers, fuses, power and instrument transformers and reactors.

Substations are classed into step up and step down ones. The step up substation includes transformers that increase the voltage. Connected to the busbars of the substation are the power transmission lines of power plants of the system.

As to step down substations, they reduce the voltage to 10 or 6 kV. At this voltage the power is supplied to the distribution centres and to the transformer substations of power consumers.

A transformer substation serves for transmitting and distributing electric power. It comprises a storage battery, control devices and aux­iliary structures.

Transformer substations are classed into indoor and outdoor; both types are used for feeding industrial enterprises. Compared to other types of substations, transformer substations have certain advantages. They have flexible construction and easy and reliable operation. In case °f a fault in the left-hand section, the main circuit breaker opens while the normally open section circuit breaker closes and puts the voltage of the section to normal. Power from a substation is delivered to distribu­tion centres.

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4. Complete the sentences using the correct variant:

1. A substation serves

a) to consume energy.

b) to distribute energy.

c) to convert energy.

  2. A substation feeds consumers 3. The lines of power plants are connected 4. A substation comprises

a) with various load characteristics.

b) with similar load characteristics.

c) to the busbars.

d) to the switchgear.

a) the main elements.

b) the main and auxiliary 'elements.

5. Flexible construction is

c) an advantage.

d) a disadvantage.

5. Pair work. Put these questions to your groupmate, an answer them.

1. What does a substation serve for?

2. What type of consumers does a substation feed?

3. What parts are the power transmission lines connected to?

4. What components does a substation comprise?

5. What types are substations classed into?

6. What are advantages of a transformer substation?

1. a) Cover the right column and read the English words. Translate them into Russian and check your translation.

blade
level
magnitude	['maegnitjuxl]
head	[hed]
plant	[plant]
runner
shaft	[/aft]
to rotate	[rou'teit]
to influence
to fluctuate	[fUktJueit]

b) Cover the left column and translate the Russian words back into English.

лопасть
уровень
величина
(зд.) верх, верхушка
станция, завод
ротор
привод, вал
вращать(ся)
влиять
колебаться

Put down the Russian equivalents of these word combinations. Then translate them back into English (orally).

runner blade __________________________________

turbine runner______________________________________________

turbine shaft __________________________________

water level __________________________________

water head __________________________________

large capacity power plant __________________________________

magnitude of the water head __________________________________

daily inflow of water __________________________________

turbine runner shaft __________________________________

Дата добавления: 2015-05-08