Простые и десятичные дроби

Test

Choose the correct form:

1. The aluminium plant is a (consumer, consumption) of the {local, lo­cally) generated electric power.

2. The {new, newly) built shops are {importance, important) for the future of the power plant.

3. Nuclear energy is energy released during a nuclear {reactor, reaction) as a result of {convertible, conversion) of mass into energy.

4. Uranium is a {comparison, comparable, comparatively) rare element.

5. The most {importance, important) problems in {atom, atomic) power {generator, generation) are connected with the reactor. Reactor {tech­nologist, technology) is still in {progressive, progress). The light-water reactor types seem most {usefulness, usefully, useful).

Conversion Конверсия

В отличие от русского языка, в английском языке одно и то же слово Может выступать в предложении в качестве разных частей речи. Так, в Данных ниже предложениях слово water является существительным (1), ^глаголом (2), играет роль прилагательного (определения) (3), является ча­стью сложного слова (4).

1. Water is necessary for life. - Вода необходима для жизни.

2. Water the flower-bed, please. - Полей(те), пожалуйста, клумбу.

-94-

-95-

0 zero	IzuouJ,
1 one	[wAn]
2 two	[tu:]
3 three	[Ori:]
4 four	Ы
5 five 6 six	[faiv] [siks]
7 seven	['sevn]
8 eight	[eit]
9 nine	[nam]
10 ten	[ten]
30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty70 sevent)	[Saul Ы [fifti] t'siksti] t ['sevnti.

ou

3. Water mills served a source of energy. - Водяные мельницы служщц источником энергии.

4. water-supply system - система водоснабжения water-proof watch - водонепроницаемые часы

Значения подобных слов и их перевод на русский язык зависят от то. го, каким членом предложения они являются. Они могут быть подлеж* щим, сказуемым (или его частью), определением, обстоятельством. Функцию слова помогает определить твердый порядок слов в английской предложении и контекст.

15. Look up the meanings of these words in a dictionary, if necessary. How are they translated in the sentences below? Mind the word order.

a) place, iron, lift, house, light, heat, use, form, change, wire

1. The conductor wires are placed high up.

2. Electromagnets lift iron weights.

3. The plastic box houses the conducting and the insulating elements of the apparatus.

4. The house is lighted and heated by solar energy.

5. The light went out. Light the candle, please.

6. After the metal was heated it changed its colour to a red heat.

7. Numerous changes are taking place in the uses of atomic energy.

8. Electric power is used universally.

9. The newly made invention has a great number of uses.
10. The wire and the source form a circuit.

b) balance, amount, water, fuel, control, measure, cause, increase

1. The fuel-and-energy balance is important for industry.

2. Conductivity increases with heating.

3. The machine should be re-fuelled.

4. The amount of power used in the world in a year amounts to 12,000 million tons of equivalent fuel.

5. Water barriers are crossed by submarine cables.

6. The instrument is foot-controlled by a pedal.

7. Force and motion go together; one is a cause, the other, a result.

8. An electromotive force causes the electrons to move.

9. Control of the apparatus is placed on the panel.
10. The volt is a measure of electromotive force.

numEPiALS
Числительные
	eleven	[ilevn]
	twelve	[twelv]
	thirteen	[•9a:'ti:n]
	fourteen	[■fo:'ti:n]
	fifteen	['fif'tixi]
	sixteen	['siks'ti:n]
	seventeen	['sevn'tixi
	eighteen	['ei'thn]
	nineteen	['nam'ti:n]
	twenty	['twenti]

80 eighty ['eiti]

90 ninety ['namti]

100 hundred [tiAndrad]

1000 thousand [Gauzand]

27 twenty-seven

51 fifty-one

118 one hundred and eighteen

365 three hundred and sixty-five

1,674 one thousand six hundred and seventy-four

5,803 five thousand eight hundred and three

75,000 seventy-five thousand

16. Read the following extracts aloud:

1. The initial world supply of minable coal amounted to 7.64 x 10 metric tons, of which 65 percent occur in Asia, 27 percent in North Amer­ica, 5 percent in Western Europe, and only 2.4 percent in the three coun­tries of Africa, South America and Australia.

2. There has been a continuous trend toward higher transmission volt­ages ever since the first ac power plant was built in 1886. By 1900 trans­mission lines at 40,000 volts were carrying power for distances up to 75 miles (120 km). In 1916 a 132,000-volt line was built to carry power for a distance of 55 miles (90 km). In 1948 the record was held by a 220,000 volt line. In 1948 the Hoover Dam's hydroelectric plant was sending power over a 287,000-volt line to Los Angeles, about 275 miles (440 km) away. By 1959 maximum transmission voltages had increased to 345,000 volts.

-96-

—1796

In that year, in the United States there were 320,000 miles (515,000 km) of transmission lines carrying power at voltages above 23,000 volts and more than 3 million miles (4.8 million km) of distribution lines at 22,000 volts or less. By 1970, 560 miles (900 km) of transmission lines carrying power at 765,000 volts had been constructed. A transmission line operating at such a high voltage has the capability to carry enough power to meet the needs of a city with a population of one million people.

By 1990 10,200 miles (16,400 km) of 765,000-volt transmission lines had been built in the US.

В простых дробях числитель выражается количественным числитель­ным, а знаменатель - порядковым. Если числитель больше единицы, то знаменатель имеет окончание -s: two fifths - две пятых. В смешанном числе целое число читается как количественные числительные, а дробь присоединяется при помощи союза and: five and two fifths - пять и две пятых.

В десятичных дробях «нуль» произносится zero или о, за ним следует слово point (точка) и затем дробь: о point five ноль целых и пять десятых. Между целым числом и десятичной дробью в английском языке ставится точка, а не запятая, как в русском языке.

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