Text Study

Pull- (a)tow; (b)lay; (c)drag

Embrace- a)include; b)penetrate; c)choose

Penetrate - a) go through; (b) overtake; (c) perceive

Attachment- (a)device; (b)devotion; (c) fastening

Device - (a) plan; (b) implement; (c) means

Tillage - (a)arable land; (b)preparation of soil for planting; (c)plowed field

B)

Principal- (а) основной; (b) ведущий; (c) принципиальный

Equipment- (а) оборудование; (b) техника; (c) состав

Device- (а)план; (b) приспособление; (c) способ

Machinery - (а) механизмы; (b) аппараты; (c) машинное оборудование

Range - (a) ряд; (b) сфера; (c) предел

A)

Методические рекомендации

Language Study

Text-Based-Assignments

Для успешного выполнения упражнений данного раздела вам необходимо усвоить лексический минимум по теме, уметь переводить речевые тематические модели и использовать их в речи. Это понадобится вам также для глубокого понимания текста А и последующего обсуждения его на английском языке.

Тренировочные задания распределены по трем уровням сложности (А, В, С), что поможет проверить и оценить глубину и качество усвоения материала. Они отражают современный подход к оценке знаний, умений и навыков по иностранному языку. Максимальная оценка знаний на первом уровне (А) - 6 баллов, на втором (В) – 8 баллов, на третьем (С) – 10 баллов.

(А) Exercise 1. Guess the meaning of the following international words.

Method, farmer, disk, machine, physical, component, cultivation, cultivator, sprayer, tractor, primitive, to compact, to crush, to prevent, principal, production, to classify, granular, deficient, element, class

(А) Exercise 2. Remember some common prefixes and suffixes and their meaning.

Noun
PREFIXES:	SUFFIXES:
ab anti co dis extra in (il -, im -, ir -) mis non post semi	- an (ian) - ance - ant - dom - eer - ence - ent - er	- ess - ion (tion, - ation) - ist - ity - ment - ness - or

Verb
PREFIXES:	SUFFIXES:
sub un	- ate - en	- fy (- ify) - ize

Adjective; Adverb
PREFIXES:	SUFFIXES:
sub un	-- able - al -a n (ian) - ary - ful - ial - ibley	- ical - ish - ive - less - ly - ous - y

a) Mark the root, the prefix or suffix in the following worlds: farmer, principal, classify, cultivation, misconception, unusual.

What part of speech are these words?

b) Find 5 derivatives in the text. Mark the root, the prefix or the suffix in each derivative. What words are they derived from?

Model: equipment(n)=equip(v)+ment

(B)Find as many as possible derivatives in the text. Mark the word parts of these words and define their root word.

Model: improve(v)=im+prove

(A) Exercise 3. Match the words to create collocations from the text. translate them into Russian.

1.agricultural	A.tractor
2.wheeled	B. fertilizers
3.wide	C.advantage
4.tillage	D.equipment
5.liquid	E.range
6.great	F. crops
7.heavy	G. implements
8.grain	H.loads

(A, B) Exercise 4. Define the correct meaning for each of the following words as it is used in the text. Be ready to tell what context clues helped you make your choice.

6) crop - (а) масса; b) с/х культура; (c) обилие

(B) Exercise 5 Translate the infinitive constructions.

Different machinery to plow, many kinds of plows to improve the physical conditions of the soil, harrows to stir the soil, cultivation machinery to consolidate the soil, spreaders to apply manure, sprayers to apply fertilizers in liquid form, mowers to make hay, beet harvesters to harvest beets, tractors to pull many kinds of implements, wheeled tractors to do general farm work

(B) Exercise 6. Give the Russian equivalents to the following expressions.

Убирать урожай без потерь; преобразовывать силу в работу; проникать очень глубоко; проход техники; специальные условия; кормовые культуры; приспособления для посадки; иметь преимущество; почвы, страдающие от недостатка питательных веществ.

(B) Exercise 7.Match the words to create collocations from the text. Translate the Russian words into English and the whole word combinations into Russian.

1.to apply	A.сорняки
2.дробить	B. seedbed
3.to sow	C.сено
4.готовить	D.the clods
5.to make	E.семена
6.выравнивать	F. into the dephts
7.to eliminate	G. удобрения
8.проникать	H.the ground

(B) Exercise 8. Insert the appropriate prepositions from the list below and translate the sentences into your native language.

into for in on down for

1. Wheeled tractors are used __ general farm work.

2. Crawlers have the great advantage that they can be available__ heavy loads ___any class of land.

3. Agricultural implements and machines may be divided __4 main groups.

4. Applying fertilizers is necessary where soils are deficient__ plant food elements.

5. Cultivation machinery is used to break __ the soil before or after a crop is sown.

(B)Exercise 9. Complete the sentences with the words given in the box.

power-operated, designed, range, implements, harrow, crops

1. Today a wide _______of machinery can be used on a farm.

2. Agricultural _______ and machines can be divided into four main groups.

3. A _______ is an implement used to level the ground and crush the clods.

4. There are several types of cultivators _______ for special crops and conditions.

5. Planting equipment is any _______device introduced to place seeds or plant parts.

6. _______ are harvested by different kinds of harvesting equipment.

(C)Exercise 10. Translate into Russian paying attention to the underlined words.

1) The secondary tillage equipment used by the farmer includes harrows, rollers etc.

2) We used cultivation machinery to break down the soil before a crop is sown.

3) The device is to place seeds in the soil.

4) Agricultural implements and machines occupy an important place on the modern farm.

5) My friend works at the Minsk tractor works.

6) The layers of soil have become compacted.

7) Heavy machinery compacted the soil greatly.

(C) Exercise 11. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line.

1. This large agricultural enterprise has a wide range of ______ in its disposal.	MACHINE
2. _______ implements and machines may be designed for different tasks.	AGRICULTURE
3. Beet _______are used to harvest beet.	HARVEST
4. Tractors are divided into two main 4 groups:____ and crawlers.	WHEEL
5. Many kinds of harvesting ______are used for crop harvesting.	EQUIP

(A)Exercise 1. Read the text and make up sentences according to the information from the text.

Tillage equipment	to consist of	1.row-crop planter,drill,broad-cast cultivator
Planting equipment	to embrace	2.manure spreader, fertilizer,distributor,sprayer,plow
Fertilizing equipment	to include	3.digger,rake,baler,tractor
Harvesting equipment	to be classified as	4.sub-soiler,harrow,roller,tool for mulching and fallowing

(A) Exercise 2. Choose the correct answer.

1. What is the aim of tillage?

a. to cultivate

b. to prepare the soil

c. to harvest

2. What is a plow designed for?

a. making the soil more fertile

b. preparing the suitable seedbed

c. placing seeds

3. How many components does a plow have?

a. 4

b. 7

c. 6

4. What is a bean cultivator designed to?

a. to cultivate beets

b. to cultivate beans

c. to cultivate weeds

5. What can a tractor pull?

a. many kinds of implements

b. food crops

c. feed crops

(B) Exercise 3.Complete the sentences with the appropriate ending according to the text and translate them into your native language.

1) Today the farmer has many agricultural implements to….

2) The machine is a device….

3) Ploughs are divided into….

4) The principal parts of a plow are….

5) Cultivators are designed for ….

6) To make hay ….

7) To harvest beet ….

8) To pull many kinds of implements ….

9) To do general farm work ….

(B) Exercise 4. Look through the text again to define whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false ones.

1) There is a wide range of machines to plant.

2) Agricultural implements may be divided into several groups.

3) To prepare the soil for harvesting is the aim of tillage.

4) A harrow is designed to eliminate weeds.

5) After a crop is sown, fertilizing equipment is used.

6) Planting equipment is used to place seeds in the soil.

7) When soils are deficient in plant food elements, many types of fertilizers are applied.

8) There are diggers to harvest all types of seed crops.

9) A beet harvester is the most important machine on the farm.

10) Wheeled tractors are available for heavy loads.

(B) Exercise 5

1) Find in the text and using the key words give in writing the main information about:

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