The Classification of English Consonant Phonemes

Exercise 1.

Answer the following questions. Check up your answers with the key.

1) On the diagram provided various speech organs are indicated by numbered arrows (а - e). Give the names for the speech organs.

(d) (a)

2) Name the active speech organs. Say where they are situated.

3) Name the passive speech organs.

4) What speech organs are found in the mouth cavity?

5) What parts is the roof of the mouth divided into?

6) What are the parts into which the tongue is divided?

7) Where are the vocal cords situated? What makes them vibrate?

8) How is voice produced?

9) What two groups are speech sounds divided into?

10) How do consonants differ from vowels?

11) Define the two types of obstruction.

12) What is the phoneme?

I According to a) the type of obstruction and b) the manner of the production of noise consonants are subdivided into:

	noise consonants	plosive	p, b, t,d, k, g
occlusive		affricative	C, G
	nasal sonorants		m, n, N
constrictive	noise fricative consonants		f, v, T, D, s, z, S, Z h
constrictive	constrictive sonorants	median	w, r, j
		lateral	l

II According to a) the active speech organ and b) the place of obstruction consonants are subdivided into:

a)

	forelingual	apical	t, d, n, l, s, z, T, D, C, G, S, Z
lingual		cacuminal	r
	mediolingual		C, G, j
	backlingual		k, g, N
labial	bilabial		p, b, m, w
	labiodental		f, v
glottal			h

b)

interdental	T, D
alveolar	t, d, n, l, s, z
palato-alveolar	C, G, S,Z
post-alveolar	r
palatal	j
velar	k, g, N

III According to a) the work of the vocal cords and b) the force of articulation consonants are divided into:

a) voiced b) lenis (relatively weak)	a) voiceless b) fortis (relatively strong)
b, d, g, dZ, v, D, z, Z	p, t, k, C, f, T, s, S, h

IV According to the position of the soft palate consonants are divided into: oral and nasal (m, n, N).

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