List of Strong and Weak Forms

APPENDIX 2

List of Phonetic Symbols

APPENDIX 1

Exercise 3, p. 16-17.

Exercise 1, p. 16.

Exercise 2, p. 10.

1) Forelingual, apical;

2) Occlusive, nasal sonorants;

3) Forelingual, alveolar, apical;

4) Occlusive, backlingual, velar;

5) Constrictive sonorants;

6) Bilabial;

7) Occlusive, noise plosive;

8) Constrictive, forelingual, apical.

1) Plosionless variants; nasally and laterally exploded variants;

2) Plosionless variants;

3) Nasally exploded variants;

4) Laterally exploded variants;

5) Aspirated variants / unaspirated variants after [s];

6) Clear variant of [l];

7) Voiced variant of [h].

1) blackmail, meet me, pardon, apartment;

2) good luck, article, glass, bicycle;

3) victory, a cold day, lecture, football;

4) sparrow, screen, stone;

5) luck, blackmail, law, glass, lime, lecture;

6) blackmai l, belt, cold, article, kill, football, bicycle;

7) behave, beforehand.

Consonants	Vowels
p pull [pVl], cup [kAp]	i: seat [si:t], feel [fi:l]
b bull [bVl], rob [rPb]	I sit [sIt], in [In]
t take [teIk], set [set]	eset [set], any [′eni]
d day [deI], red [red]	x sat [sxt], match [mxC]
k case [keIs], take [teIk]	R march [mRC], after ['Rftq]
ggo [gqV ], rug [rAg]	P pot [pPt], gone [gPn]
C cheap [Ci:p], catch [kxC]	L port [pLt], law [lL]
G jail [GeIl], bridge [brIG]	V good [gVd], could [kVd]
f ferry ['feri], life [laIf]	u: food [fu:d], group [gru:p]
v very ['′veri], live [laIv]	A much [mAC], front [frAnt]
T think [TINk], bath [bRT]	E: turn [tE:n], word [wE:d]
D then [Den], with [wID]	q away [q'weI], collect [kq'lekt]
s sing [sIN], rice [raIs]	i happy ['hxpi], glorious ['glLriqs]
z zoo [zu:], days [deIz]	u influence ['Influqns], annual ['xnjuql]
∫ show [∫qV], wish [wI∫]	eI take [teIk], wait [weIt]
Z pleasure ['pleZq],occasion [q'keIZn]	eq air [eq], square [skweq]
h house [haVs]	Iq hear [hIq ], deer [dIq]
m my [maI], come [kAm]	aI mine [maIn], light [laIt]
n no [nqV], on [Pn]	aV house [haVs], now [naV]
N sing [sIN], finger ['fINgq]	qV no [nqV], open ['qVpn]
l love [lAv], hole [hqVl]	Vq tour [tVq], jury ['GVqri]
r round [raVnd], carry [kxri]	OI oil [OIl], boil [bOIl]
w well [wel]
j young [jAN]

	Strong Forms	Weak Forms
Articles
the	Di:	Dq before consonants the door Dq 'dL Di before vowels the air Di 'eq
a, an	eI before consonants;   xn before vowels	qbefore consonants a book q 'bVk qn before vowels an apple qn 'xpl
Prepositions
at at	xt	qt at lunch qt 'lAnC
for	fL	fqbefore consonants for fun fq 'fAn fqrbefore vowels for asking fqr 'RskIN
from	frPm	frqm from work frqm 'wE:k
of	Pv	qv most of all 'mqVst qv 'Ll
into	Intu:	Intubefore vowels into a room Intu q 'ru:m Intqbefore consonants into the room Intq Dq 'ru:m
to	tu:	tubefore vowels to eat tu 'i:t tqbefore consonants to stop tq 'stPp
Auxiliary and Modal Verbs
can, could	kxn, kVd	kqn can wait kqn 'weIt kqd could wait kqd 'weIt
must	mAst	mqstbefore vowels must eat mqst 'I:t mqsbefore consonants must try mqs 'traI
will, would	wIl, wVd	lin contractions he’ll come hi l 'kAm wqd he would come hi wqd 'kAm
shall, should	∫xl, ∫Vd	∫qlor ∫l we shall go wi ∫l 'gqV ∫qd we should go wi∫qd 'gqV
do, does	du:, dAz	dubefore vowels why do all like it? 'waI du 'Ll 'laIk It dqbefore consonants why do they like it? 'waI dq DeI 'laIk It dqz when does it come? 'wen dqz It 'kAm
have, has, had	hxv, hxz, hxd	hqv, hqz, hqdin initial positions has he come? hqz (h)i 'kAm qv, qz, qd which have you seen? 'wIC qv ju 'si:n
be, been	bi:, bi:n	bi it’ll be fine Itl bi 'faIn bIn I’ve been at home aIv bIn qt 'hqVm
am, are, is, was, were	xm, R, Iz, wPz, wE:	qm why am I here? 'waI qm aI 'hIq qbefore consonants you are right ju q 'raIt qrbefore vowels you are in here ju qr In 'hIq zor sin contractions it’s good Its 'gVd he’s right hi z ′raIt wqz he was here hi wqz 'hIq wqbefore consonants they were good DeI wq 'gVd wqrbefore vowels they were easy DeI wqr 'i:zi
Conjunctions
and	xnd	qnd, qnor nafter t, d, s, z, ∫ come and see 'kAm qn 'si: fish and chips 'fI∫ n 'CIps
but	bAt	bqt it’s good but expensive Its 'gVd bqt Ik'spensIv
than	Dxn	Dqn better than ever 'betq Dqn 'evq
as	xz	qz as much as possible qz 'mAC qz 'pPsqbl
that	Dxt	Dqt say that she’s right 'seI Dqt ∫iz 'raIt
Pronouns
you, your	ju:, jL	ju you like it ju 'laIk It jqbefore consonants your time jq 'taIm jqrbefore vowels your own jqr 'qVn
he, his, him	hi:, hIz, hIm	hiin initial position i he was late, wasn’t he? hi wqz 'leIt 'wPznt i hIz, Iz his name hIz 'neIm take his name 'teIk (h) Iz 'neIm Im I’ve seen him aIv 'si:n Im
she, her	∫i:, hE:	∫i why did she do it? 'waI dId ∫i 'du: It hq, q before consonants I’ve met her aIv 'met (h)q hqr, qrbefore vowels take her out 'teIk (h)qr 'aVt
we, us	wi:, As	wi we need it wi 'ni:d It qs all of us 'Ll qv qs
me	mi:	mi come to me 'kAm tq mi
them	Dem	Dqm eat them 'i:t Dqm
some (unspecified quantity)	sAm	sqm some more tea sqm 'mL 'ti:
that (relative pronoun)	Dxt	Dqt the one that I chose Dq 'wAn Dqt aI 'CqVz
there (existential pronoun)	Deq	Dq before consonants there’s Dqz Dqrbefore vowels there is Dqr 'Iz
who	hu:	hu those who live here 'DqVz hu 'lIv hIq

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