Spelling Formal Informal

Spelling Formal Informal

Spelling Formal Informal

Spelling Formal Informal

Spelling Formal Informal

Theory

Vowel and consonant adjustment in connected speech (Part 1-2). Phonotactics

8.1 Vowel and consonant adjustment in connected speech: Adjustments related to C-C linking.Adjustments related to V-V, C-V, V-C linking.

You may have noticed that English speakers don't separate all their words like in some languages, but instead they connect them together. This is called linking, or liaison, and it is important for listening comprehension. It is especially crucial when pronouncing the final sounds on words, for example making the plural or the past tense -ed. Following are the common cases of linking in English: linking consonant to vowel; linking vowel to vowel, linking consonant to consonant.

8. 2 Adjustments related to sound deletion/insertion. Adjustments on the syllable level. Weakening

The main function of most of the adjustments is to promote the regularity of English rhythm – that is, to squeeze syllables between stressed elements and facilitate their articulation so that regular timing can be maintained. In the section that follows, we discuss the processes of linking, assimilation, dissimilation, deletion, elision, and epenthesis as they occur in connected speech.

Typical character of sound simplifications in relation to the degree of formality the great qualitative stability of vowels in slow formal speech and more frequent is sound variability in informal spoken English. Both front and back vowels in less explicit articulation tend to be changing towards neutralized sounds, especially in grammatical words.

it's not its 'nut its 'nyt

because bi'kɔz bik əz

according to ə'kɔ:di ŋ tə ə'kədi ŋ tə

The historically long vowel [i:] tends to lose its diphthongization; as the next stage it undergoes quantitative reduction and Аnall\ changes its qualit\ as well.

I don't believe it ai 'dзunt bi'li:v it ʌ dзun(t) bə'liv it

It seems to be it 'si:mz tə bi it 'simz tə bi

The similar process of reduction is likewise observed in [u:] simpliied to [u].

a few more words ə 'fju: 'mɔ: 'wз:dz ə fju mɔ 'wз:dz

a new aspect ə 'nju: 'æspekt ə 'n(j)u 'æspekt

Diphthongs are very often monophthongized in informal speech. The diphthong [εə] tends to be simplified to [ε(:)], e.g.

Where wεə wε

here and there 'hiər ənd 'ðεəƏ 'hi (ə)r ən 'ðε

In an unstressed position it is further modiied to [e], e.g.

there is an opinion [ðer Iz ən ə'pInjən].

The diphthong [iə] often gets a sort of central vowel realization [з].

really strange 'riəli 'streindz 'rзli 'streindz

serious action 'siəriəs 'æk∫n 'sзri(ə)s 'æk∫n

experienced worker iks'piəriənst 'wз:kə iks'pзrənst 'wз:kə

The [u] ending diphthongs [au] and [зu] are simplified into [a] and [з] accordingly. The various stages of their realizations are found both in stressed and unstressed positions. The quality of the initial element is retained and the second element, the glide, is obscured or lost.

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