Introduction. Voltage regulator is a device which supports with defined precision constant voltage across the load

Voltage regulator is a device which supports with defined precision constant voltage across the load. Change the load voltage may be due to several reasons: voltage fluctuations initial power supply (mains, battery, galvanic cell), load changes, changes in ambient temperature, etc.

According to the principle of distinguishing parametric and Countervailing stabilizers. In turn, these stabilizers can be odnokaskadnymy, multistage and bridge.

Compensation stabilizers can be with continuous or pulsed control; or that may be serial or parallel type.

Parametric voltage stabilizers perform stabilization by varying the parameters of semiconductor devices: diodes, stabistoriv, ​​transistors, etc. Variables semiconductor voltage regulators is their own resistance and conductivity.

Compensation stabilizers are a closed system of automatic voltage regulation at the load, made using semiconductor devices. Output voltage stabilizers such as supported equal or proportional supporting stable voltage, which formed one of the types of parametric stabilizers.

Compensation containing stabilizers composed of control element (in most cases transistor) which can be connected in series or in parallel to the load.

The control element can operate in continuous mode or key. Switching Regulators used in a key mode of regulatory elements, and stabilizers with continuous control - continuous.

Support for the accuracy of the output voltage at the load stabilizers divided into precision (voltage change no more than 0.005%), accurate (voltage change of 0.01% to 0.005%) average accuracy (voltage change from 0.1% to 0.01%), and low accuracy (voltage change of 1% to 0.1%).

Electric power has a specific set of properties that are identified as electricity generators, and enerhoperedatchykamy. Options electricity determining its quality and features. Consumers of electricity can operate at certain (nominal) parameters of electrical energy. Normal operation of electricity consumers AC provided mainly while in the nominal voltage range, frequency and form of sinusoidal signal.

Ukraine has GOST 13109-97 "Norms of quality of electric energy in power systems for general purpose," which establishes performance standards and quality of electrical energy in electric networks of power supply systems for general purpose three-phase and single-phase alternating current frequency of 50 Hz at the points joined by electric network that are owned by different consumers of electricity, or electricity receivers (point universality).

However, standards GOST 13109-97 currently not controlled and often not respected producers of electricity through depreciation of equipment as well as economic reasons. Emerging failure of power supply systems and consumers also have different effects on the electric grid. All this can lead to the appearance:

• high-voltage pulses of varying lengths (tens of nanoseconds to tens of microseconds)

• voltage dips below acceptable,

• surge,

• fluctuations in voltage and frequency,

• high frequency noise.

To reduce the impact of these influences at work electricity consumers

applied voltage. Voltage can be installed to improve the quality of individual power consumers of electricity and power supply systems of apartments, houses, offices and even businesses. Also, most of the stabilizers protect consumers of electricity at a dull electricity. However, voltage stabilizers do not provide uninterrupted power, as most disabled at the complete disappearance of the input voltage.

When choosing a variable voltage stabilizer should know that the device automatically maintains on its output voltage in the normal range if the voltage at its entrance is in a certain range. When you exit the input voltage outside this range load stabilizer can be switched off if this feature is.

Decide on the need for a stabilizer can, making measurements of current alternating voltage in the mains alternating voltage voltmeter or combined measuring instrument (tester, multimeter) several times during the day, for several days. Then make a selection using the table below.

If you can not make measurements, you can be guided by circumstantial evidence - to change the brightness of the power sources, significant changes in the sound of electric consumers, by systematically blowing fuses or disconnecting circuit breakers (automatic thermal protection), by frequent power failures and radio.

For correct model selection stabilizer in the group must determine the amount of load capacities of all consumers who need to simultaneously supply. This should take into account the simultaneous inclusion of electricity consumers. For example, you load summarized all 10 lamps of 100 W, a washing machine - 1800 W, refrigerators - 150 W, maker - 1500 W, irons -1500 W, microwave oven, etc. and received as a result of, say, 6500 W. But at a time when even wash, iron is not in use, so the calculation can not enable both consumers and only one - the washing machine. Or, for example, when building inclusive holiday and lighting in all rooms, as well as working all video and audio equipment, it is usually at this time no rubs. Therefore, the washing machine in such a case can be deleted from counting. As a result of these considerations may be that the general power of consumers in building 6500 W, will simultaneously include load is not more than 3000 W. Thus, while the inclusion of the above devices, you need a stabilization capacity of at least 3000 W. For tables placed under 2 of the manual with parameters stabilizers, choose the most suitable type of stabilizer on the power at least 3000 W. Also note that electric motors that are household appliances and power tools, when you start consuming a higher power at work and their power is rated. Therefore, if the expected frequent use devices containing motors, choosing the received power stabilizer should be increased in 1,2 - 1,3 times.

When using stabilizers exclusively to supply power tools, pumps, compressors, machine tools (for example, drilling, woodworking, polishing) and so on. D., TE electrical appliances, with a membership of electric power, the power of the selected stabilizer exceed 3 4 times the power of consumers. The estimated capacity of some electricity consumers indicated in Table 2.

Table 2. Consumption of various electronic devices in Watts.

toaster	600-1500	circular saw	750-1600
coffee maker	800-1500	electric plane	400-1000
heater	1000-2400	fretsaw	250-700
grill	1200-2000	grinder	650-2200
vacuum cleaner	400-2000	appliances	150-300
radio	50-250	compressor	750-2800
TV	100-400	water pump	500-900
refrigerator	150-600	circular saw	1800-2100
oven	1000-2000	conditioner	1000-3000
Microwave oven	1500-2000	electric motors	550-3000
PC	400-750	ventilator	750-1700
electric kettle	1000-2000	electronic automatic of boilers	500-700
light bulbs	20-250	welding machine	1500-3000
electric boiler	1200-1500	mowing machine	750-2500

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