Specify the differences between science and art as the two ways of knowing

Show the difference between the scientific and religious world view as the two ways of perceiving the world.

Define the object and subject of research. Open these concepts as an example of your science.

The structure of scientific knowledge consists of the main elements of scientific knowledge, the knowledge of the levels and bases of science. The elements of scientific knowledge are the various forms of organization of scientific information. Thus, scientific knowledge is manifested in research activities, which includes the methods of scientific knowledge, allowing the object to study (empirical and theoretical). The structure of scientific knowledge is difficult organized system combining form of scientific knowledge, allowing to organize and systematize scientific information (hypotheses, principles, issues, research programs, concepts, scientific concepts, laws and scientific facts). The central element here is the theory.

Of paramount importance is the monitoring of the object of study. If you allow the current level of development (state) of this science and if it allows the object itself, the second most important way to study the object of study is an experiment. Assign also observed known experimental data and helps both scientific logic in conjunction with the known scientific data, as well as specific rules on which science derived hypotheses. The latter are essentially inductive (predictive) research method. However, science is also useful to use the deductive (ie, retrospectively) method, which, however, now is not too popular with researchers, except mathematics (and in the practice of forensic science).

These two worldviews relate to different aspects of life and, therefore, can not and should not confirm or deny each other. Science studies the material world and its view of the world is always correspond to the level of development, over time, these ideas are changing. Religion examines the spiritual world, his eternal, unchanging constituents. Science primarily answers the question "how?", And the religion of the question "Why? What is the meaning?" Scientific knowledge should be strictly objective, to prove and verifiable. Religious knowledge is based on spiritual intuition, insight, revelation from above. The adoption of certain religious beliefs are based on trust (faith) the authority of the person who teaches them.

And then, and another - a form of social consciousness, the forms of existence of human culture. This science - objective, reflects the knowledge Single of the world, and art is subjective and expresses the inner world of the creator... Food science - knowledge, theory, art products - the spiritual values ​​embodied in tangible media. Art objects do not lose their value over time, and scientific theories are rejected as false (ie, modern science is more accurate and complete at srav. with previous).

The resemblance of philosophy and art is that in their works emotionally-personal component is widely represented, they are always individual. However, if the philosopher expresses the problem with the help of concepts, abstractions, referring to the intricacies of the mind, the art worker described the problem through the artistic images, making your way to our mind through the feelings aroused by them. And philosophy, and science, and religion, art and create their own picture of the world, complementing each other.

7 Formulate the concept of "scientism" and "anti-scientism." Arguments each of them.

Scientism - exaggeration research with knowledge, science shed solution.

Anti-scientism - science is limited.

Society's attitude to science, the understanding of its role is ambiguous. This manifests itself in two opposing ideological positions.

One of them - scientism (from the Latin scientia-science) -in basically has an idea of ​​science, scientific knowledge as a high cultural value and sufficient condition for human orientation in the world. It should be noted that the ideal of scientism is not any scientific knowledge, and the results and methods of natural sciences.

Anti-scientism emphasizes the limited capacity of science, and in its extreme forms, interprets it as a force alien and hostile to the true nature of man, the power that destroys the culture. Methodological basis anti-scientistс views are absolutization negative results of science and technology (the aggravation of the environmental situation, the danger of war, etc.)

Дата добавления: 2017-01-13