From the history of electricity

Тема 2-3. Природа электрического тока.

(Read and remember)

1. electricity 2. at rest 3. a static condition 4. in motion 5.the electric current 6. Both 7. made up of electric charges 8. flows 9. Thus 10 differ 11.ability 12. to serve mankind as well as in their behaviour 13. Let us first turn our attention 14. For a long time 15.the only 16.to be observed 17. As previously mentioned at least 18. to get electricity by rubbing substances 19. However 20.obtained by 21.use 22.to boil water, to run electric trains 23.very high in voltage and difficult to control 24. discharges in no time 25.contribution 26.to prove that unlike charges are produced 27.due to rubbing dissimilar objects 28.opposite 29. rubber 30.glass 31.In this connection 32. to carry on 33.observations 34.As a result 35. to solve 36.to get the electric current 37.electric pressure 38.to discover 40. observed 41.legs of a dead frog jumped 42.several times 43. the same result 44. was generated within the leg itself 45. to carry on similar experiments 46.soon found that the electric source

1.электричество 2. в покое 3. статистический состояние 4. движение 5. электрический ток 6. оба 7. состоят из электрических зарядов 8. течет, проходит 9. таким образом 10. разнится 11. способность 12. служить человечеству так же как по своему поведению 13. Давайте,сначала обратим наше внимание 14. В течение долгого времени 15. единственное 16. наблюдать 17. Как ранее было упомянуто по крайней мере 18. получить электричество трением веществ 19. однако 20. получить 21. использовать 22. кипячение воды, управление электропоездами 23. очень высокое напряжение и его трудно проконтролировать 24. разряжаться мигом 25. вклад 26. доказать, что разноименные заряды 27. при трении непохожих объектов 28. противоположные 29. резина 30. стекло 31.y связи 32. продолжить 33.наблюдения 34. в результате 35. решать 36. получить электрический ток 37. электрическое напряжение 38. открывать 40. наблюдал 41. лапки мертвой лягушки прыгали 42. несколько раз 43. тот же результат 44. возникала непосредственно внутри лапки 45.продолжить эксперименты подобны 46. скоро обнаружил что источник электричества

The Text:

1. There are two types of electricity, namely, electricity at rest or in a static condition and electricity in motion, that is, the electric current.2. Both of them are made up of electric charges, static charges being at rest, while electric current flows and does work. 3. Thus, they differ in their ability to serve mankind as well as in their behaviour.4. Let us first turn our attention to static electricity.5. For a long time it was the only electrical phenomenon to be observed by man. 6. As previously mentioned at least 2,500 years ago, or so, the (keeks knew how to get electricity by rubbing substances.7. However, the electricity to be obtained by rubbing objects cannot be used to light lamps, to boil water, to run electric trains, and so on. 8. It is usually very high in voltage and difficult to control, besides it discharges in no time. 9. As early as 1753, Franklin made an important contribution to the science of electricity. 10. He was the first to prove that unlike charges are produced due to rubbing dissimilar objects. 11. To show that the charges are unlike andopposite, he decided to call the charge on the rubber negative and that on the glass-positive.12. In this connection one might remember the Russian academician V. V. Petrov.13. He was the first to carry on experiments and observations on the electrification of metals by rubbing them one against another.14. As a result he was the first scientist in the world who solved that problem.15. Who does not know that the first man to get the electric current was Volta after whom the unit of electric pressure, the volt, was named? 16. His discovery developed out of Galvani's experiments with the frog.17. Galvani observed that the legs of a dead frog jumped as a result of an electric charge.18. He tried his experiment several times and every time he obtained the same result.19. He thought that electricity was generated within the leg itself.

20. Volta began to carry on similar experiments and soon found that the electric source was not within the frog's leg but was the result of the contact of both dissimilar metals used during his observations.21. However, to carry on such experiments was not an easy thing to do. 22. He spent the next few years trying to invent a source of continuous current. 23. To increase the effect obtained with one pair of metals, Volta increased the number of these pairs. 24. Thus the voltaic pile consisted of a copper layer and a layer of zinc placed one above another with a layer of flannel moistened in salt water between them. 25. A wire was connected to the first disc of copper and to the last disc of zinc. 26. The year 1800 is a date to be remembered: for the first time in the world's history a continuous current was generated.27.Volta's Short Biography. Volta was born in Como, Italy, on February 18, 1745. 28. For some years he was a teacher of physics in his home town.29. Later on he became professor of natural sciences at the University of Pavia.30. After his famous discovery he travelled in many countries, among them France, Germany and England.31. He was invited to Paris to deliver lectures on the newly discovered chemical source of continuous current.32 In 1819 he returned to Como where he spent the rest of his life.33. Volta died at the age of 82.

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