Translate the Text.

2. Finish sentences:

1.There are two types of electricity, namely.2.Both of them are made up of…3. For a long time it was the only…. 4. They differ in their ability to serve… 5. The electricity to be obtained by rubbing… 6. As a result he was the first scientist in...7. 17 Galvani observed that the legs… 8. He thought that electricity was…. 9. However, to carry on such experiments …10. He tried his experiment several times and …11. He spent the next few years trying to invent….12.To increase the effect obtained with one pair …13. 25 A wire was connected to the first d…14. The year 1800 is a date to be remembered: for the first time…

3. Answer the questions:

1. What types of electricity do you know?

2. What is the difference between electricity at rest and electricity in motion?

3. What kind of experiments did Galvani carry on?

4. What did Franklin prove?

5. What are the two kinds of electrical charges?

6. Who was the first to produce a continuous current?

7. What was Volta?

8. What can you say about the behaviour of static charges?

9. What did Volta take interest in?

10. What did Volta's discovery result in?

11. What did Volta's device consist of?

12. Where did he spend the rest of his life?

***

Тема 4. Понятие об электрическом токе.

”Electric current”

Read and remember:

1.flow 2.direction 3.current 4.is known 5. that is direct current 6.The simplest source 7. power 8.negatively charged terminal 9.the letters 10..stand for 11.alternating current 12.use 13. lightning 14.purposes 15.go through 16.apply 17.continuous current 18.construct 19.we cannot imagine 20.is familiar with 21.used 22.devices 23.vacuum cleaners 24.refrigerators 25.washing machines 26.trains 27.owing 28.numerous 29. application 30.only

1.протекает 2.направление 3. ток 4. известен 5. это постоянный ток 6. Проще всего источник 7.энергия 8. отрицательно заряженного зажим 9. буквы 10. означают 11.переменный ток 12.употреблять,использовать 13.освещение 14.цели 15. проходить через 16. использовать 17.непрерывный ток 18.сконструйовувати 19.мы не можем представить 20. знаком с 21.привыкли 22.єпристрої 23.пылесосы 24.холодильники 25.моечные машины 26.поезда 27. благодаря 28. многочисленные 29. применение 30.только

1. Read the Text:

ELECTRIC CURRENT

1. When the electrons flow in one direction only the current is known to be d. c. that is. direct current. 2. The simplest source of power for the direct current is a battery, (i. е. from the negatively charged terminal to the positively charged terminal). 3.The letters a. c. stand for alternating current4. The current under consideration flows first in one direction and then in the opposite one.5. The a. c. used for power and lightning purposes is assumed to go through 50 cycles in one second. 6. Yablockov was the first to apply a. c. in practice.7. The first source of continuous current was constructed by Volta in 1800. 8. Now we cannot imagine modern civilization without the electric current. 9. Every student is familiar with the important part which the electric current plays in everyday life. 10. We used many electrical devices in our everyday life: electrical lamps, vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, washing machines, and so on. 11. Telephones, lifts, electrical trams and trains, radio and television have been made possible only owing to the electric current. 12. But the electric current has the numerous industrial application.

2. Translate the Text:

3. Match the sides:

1. When the electrons flow in one direction only the current is known to be d. c. that is. direct current. 2. The simplest source of power for the direct current is a battery, (i. е., from the negatively charged terminal to the positively charged terminal). 3.The letters a. c. stand for alternating current 4. The current under consideration flows first in one direction and then in the opposite one. 5. The a. c. used for power and lightning purposes is assumed to go through 50 cycles in one second. 6. Yablockov was the first to apply a. c. in practice. 7. The first source of continuous current was constructed by Volta in 1800. 8. Now we cannot imagine modern civilization without the electric current. 9. Every student is familiar with the important part which the electric current plays in everyday life. 10. We used many electrical devices in our everyday life: electrical lamps, vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, washing machines, and so on. 11. Telephones, lifts, electrical trams and trains, radio and television have been made possible only owing to the electric current. 12. But the electric current has the numerous industrial application.

1. Яблочков был первым кто использовал переменный ток на практике. 2 Мы привыкли к многих электрических устройств в нашей повседневной жизни: электрическому освещению, пылесосам, холодильникам, моечным машинам, и так далее. 3.Первый источник непрерывного тока было сконструировано Вольтом в 1800. 4. Проще всего источник энергии для постоянного тока - батарейка(то есть от отрицательно заряженного зажима к положительно заряженному зажима). 5. Но электрический ток имеет многочисленное индустриальное применение 6 Буквы. c.относятся к переменного тока 7. Сейчас мы не можем представить современную цивилизацию без электрического тока 8. Телефоны, лифты, электрические трамваи и поезда, радио и телевидение стали возможными только благодаря электрическому 9. Переменный ток, используемый для получения энергии и осветительных целей проходит через 50 циклов за одну секунду 10. При рассмотрении ток протекает сначала в одном направление,а потом в противоположном. 11. Каждый студент знаком с важной ролью, которую играет электрический ток в повседневной жизни 12. Когда электроны протекают в одном направлении только то ток, и как d. c. то есть. постоянный ток.

4. Finish sentences:

1.The simplest source of power….2. When the electrons flow…3. The letters a. c. stand for …4 The current under consideration flows….5 Yablockov was the first…

6. The first source of continuous current …7. Now we cannot imagine modern… 8. Every student is familiar with …9. We used many electrical devices …10..But the electric current has the …11. Telephones, lifts, electrical trams and…

5. Answer the questions:

1. What current is called direct?

2. What is the simplest source of power for the direct current?

3. What do the letters a.c. mean?

4. Where does the alternating current mean?

5. Who was the first to apply a. c. in practice.?

Тема 5.5

Виды электрического тока.

”Types of electric current”

1. Read the Text:

Kinds of Currents

1. As you, certainly, know electric charges in motion constitute a current. 2. There are two kinds of current, namely: direct and alternating. 3. A direct current (d.c. for short) flows through a conducting circuit in one direction only.4.It does not change in magnitude.5. It is measured by the quantity of electricity passing through any section of the conductor in one second. 6. By the way, direct current generators produce a direct current.7. A direct current is, of course, useful and we know the electrical systems in airplane, and in automobile to use direct current. 8.It is also used in research work, in the telephone, in the telegraph, etc. 9. An alternating current (a.c. for short) is a current that changes its direction of flow through a circuit. 10. To alternate means to move back and forth. 11.The current flowing first in one direction and then in another, we name it an alternating current. 12. An alternating current flows in cycles, the number of cycles per second being called the frequency of the current.13. The frequency of the current is known to be measured in cycles per second. 14.The standard frequency in Russia is 50 c.p.s. (cycles per second). 15. From the above-mentioned, it is clear that a direct current system is useful.16. However, in spite of its usefulness a direct current system has one great disadvantage.17. Namely, there is no economical way by means of which one can increase or decrease its voltage. 18. The alternating current does not know this disadvantage, alternating voltage increasing or decreasing with little loss owing to a transformer. 19.Using a transformer, it is possible to convert power at low voltage into power at high voltage, power at high voltage being also transformed into power at low voltage. 20.Power being transmitted over long distances with less loss at high voltage, it is more economical to increase the voltage for transmission and to decrease it to the voltage which is best suited for the particular use. 21.An alternating current is widely used both in industry and in everyday life. 22.A.c. generators produce alternating current. 23.It was Yablochkov, the great Russian scientist, who first widely applied the alternating current in practice. 24.His electric candle was fed by the a.c, Yablochkov's candle having given the first and most decisive stimulus to the development of the a.c. system, a number of plants began to turn out generators producing the alternating current.

2. Translate the Text:

3. Finish sentences:

1. electric charges in motion … 2. There are two kinds of current… 3. A direct current (d.c. for short) flows… 4. It does not change in … 5. It is measured by…

6. direct current generators produce …. It is also used in …7. An alternating current (a.c. for short) is a…. 8. The current flowing first in one…. 9. the number of cycles per… 10. The frequency of the current is… 11. His electric candle was fed… 12. Using a transformer, it is possible…13. An alternating current is widely…14. It was Yablochkov, the great…15. His electric candle was fed by… 16. a number of plants began to turn...

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