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Manufacture of gloves and handbags
TEXT A LEATHER GOODS UNIT XII TEXT C VI. Render the text in brief in a written form. IV. Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form. III. Make up a plan of the text.
V. Questions for discussion:
I. Mind the following words and word-combinations:
II. Listen to the text ‘MOULDED AND NON-MOULDED SHOES’ and decide if the statements are true or false:
III. Listen to the text again and be ready to answer the questions:
I. Read and remember the words and their translation:
II. Read and remember the following phrases:
III. Read and translate the following text:
Leather, due to its excellent abrasion and wind resistance, found its use in a great number of leather goods industries. They provide us with footwear, clothing, upholstery for furniture and car seats and accessories, such as gloves, bags, handbags, suitcases and so on. The manufacture of well-fitting dress gloves requires leather of beautiful quality with special properties such as washability, colour and a high degree of skill in cutting-out in order that the gloves can stretch with the movement of the hand and yet fit well. The leather must possess "run", that is when pulled it must stretch and not spring back when the pull ceases. The skill of the glove cutter lies in getting the degree of stretch in each direction before the final cutting to shape takes place. The stages in glove cutting are as follows: first, damping the leather, then stretching it suitably, next cutting out the "trank", and finally cutting out the actual shapes from the trank, either by hand or by means of a template and knife, or with a die known as a "web". The method employed for the best gloves is known as "table cutting", each, trank being considered separately in the final cutting. The next stage is silking or pointing that is making the three stitched ridges on the back of the gloves. Then the stitching together of the various parts follows. After the gloves return from the stitching operation they are placed on metal "hands", ironed and polished. Although vast quantities of woollen and textile gloves are made leather remains the most important material. The making of leather handbags is much sectionalized. Many types of sewing machines are used, including special models for fancy stitching of various kinds, elasticizing lining pockets and so on. Machines exist for fitting frames on to bags of cheaper types, for backing minors and a few other minor operations. Flatting processes are necessary to obtain a high finish on lizard and box-calf bags. But the most important machine is the skiving machine. In nearly all leather bags the leather has, at some point or other, to be pared, beveled, thinned or grooved. Leather for covering frames or other metal parts must be shaved down to paper thickness. Machine will do it in one tenth the time taken by hand. Both hand and machine paring are very skillful operations. The machine is a small one with a revolving cylindrical knife constantly sharpened by an automatic attachment. On an outside bevel, materials are fed on to the knife, which protrudes through an aperture in the bed of the machine for about two inches, by rotating every feed-roll. And the type of cut therefor is controlled by a presser foot adjustable as to angle and height, of which there are many types for different requirements. Almost every type of leather (except of course the thick, heavy varieties used for sole, belting and hardness work) is used for handbags.
IV. Answer the following questions:
V. Complete the sentences with the words from text:
VI. Find the English equivalents to the words: оббивка, якість, стійкість, обробка, пробіг (розтягування), металеві “руки”, підкладка, ящірка, скіс
VII. Make up sentences with the terms: upholstery, accessories, run, to stretch, to spring down, dress gloves, special properties, to obtain, to make, to feed on
VIII. Give definitions to the words: gloves, washability, a skill, web, a cutting table, a handbag, a frame, a paring
IX. Translate the sentences into English:
X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations: leather goods, gloves, bags, leather of beautiful quality, special properties, to stretch with the movements of the hand, to stitch together, to iron and polish, leather handbags, sewing machine, frames, a flatting process, a skiving machine, a revolving cylindrical knife
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