The growth of social services

IV. Прочитайте и переведите.

III. Прочитайте следующие интернациональные слова и переведите их на русский язык.

II. Установите соответствия между следующими терминами социальной работы на русском и английском языках.

I. Прочитайте и выучите новые термины и терминологические сочетания.

History of social work

Unit 8.

almoner – 1. ист. раздающий милостыню (должностное лицо при дворе или религиозной организации); 2. уст. работник сферы социального обслуживания

hospital almoner – уст. работник сферы социального обслуживания, ведающий оплатой лечения и бытовым обслуживанием больных

medical almoner – уст. работник сферы социального обслуживания, ведающий оплатой лечения и бытовым обслуживанием больных

aged – престарелый

alms – милостыня

assistance – помощь

charitable work – благотворительная работа

guardian – опекун, попечитель

law – закон

Poor Law – ист. закон о бедных

orphan – сирота

overseer – надзиратель, надсмотрщик

poor – бедный

ист. guardian of the poor – попечитель бедных

ист. overseer of the poor – попечитель по призрению бедных

poverty – бедность

official – должностное лицо, служащий

sick – больной

unemployed – безработный

welfare – благополучие

welfare officer – работник по вопросам социального обеспечения

welfare state – государство всеобщего благосостояния

1) assistance 2) official 3) unemployed 4) overseer 5) alms 6) orphan 7) welfare 8) guardian 9) poor 10) poverty

a) надзиратель, надсмотрщик b) сирота c) помощь d) благополучие e) милостыня f) опекун g) бедный h) бедность i) отсутствие работы j) должностное лицо, служащий

1. act 2. Europe 3. facts 4. financial 5. industrial 6. information 7. monastery 8. organization

organized 9. parliament problem reform revolution shocking system

In medieval times in Europe, the Church was the only organized body which could try to relieve poverty. In fact, the Church, particularly through its monasteries, provided most of what are now known as the social services, especially education and the care of the poor and the sick. The guilds and manors also played their part. In country areas, the lord of the manor often made himself responsible for helping the poor and needy.

This system broke down in some European countries and also in England in the 16^th century. In 1601 the English parliament passed the act which has become known as the Elizabethan Poor Law. This aimed to keep law and order and made arrangements for money to be raised and used to help the aged, orphans, and the unemployed. But poor-law assistance was always grudgingly offered, for people were regarded as somehow responsible for their poverty and were harshly treated by the authorities. Moreover, it was considered shameful to have to depend on financial assistance in order to survive. It was only in the late 19^thcentury that social and welfare services became widely available, and, even then, not in all countries.

A hundred years earlier people had begun to think more about the rights of the individual human being. The appalling conditions caused by the Industrial Revolution in England made people aware of the urgent need for social reform. Elizabeth Fry and Lord Shaftesbury among others were notable social reformers. Charles Booth, a successful businessman became concerned with social problems and tried to understand how people lived, what they wanted, and how these wants could be satisfied. He conducted a survey which revealed some shocking facts. More than 30 % per cent of London families were desperately poor. Their poverty was not a result of crime, drink, or laziness – in other words, they did not bring it upon themselves, as many people in those days thought. Their poverty was due to lack of work, accidents, death of the husband or breadwinner, failed businesses, old age, and illness. Booth's survey provided much of the information needed by various social service organizations then establishing themselves and trying to improve the situation.

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