Evolution of social work

X. Ответьте на вопросы.

IX. Закончите предложения, выбрав вариант по смыслу.

VI. Найдите в тексте и новой лексике синонимы к следующим терминам.

V. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты к следующим терминам.

пенсия по старости; 1. социальные службы; 2. национальная схема страхования; 3. пособие многодетным семьям;

4. плохое жильё; 5. устранить проблемы; 6. квалифицированный рабочий; 7. право на лечение.

unemployed, work, benefit, children’s allowance, medical benefit, social service benefits, unemployment benefit.

VII. Закончите предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения.

treatment for illness; pensions, poverty; a welfare state; poor housing.

1. The British government introduced … for elderly people.

2. A certain standard of living includes, for example, the right to ….

3. These benefits made Britain into what is known as ….

4. The government organizes services to try to eliminate problems such as poverty, disease, … and unemployment.

5. President Franklin D. Roosevelt introduced the New Deal policy to help families living in ….

VIII. Выберите те предложения, с утверждениями которых вы согласны и переведите их на русский язык.

1. The social services grew extensively in the 20th century.

2. After World War I millions of people were suddenly out of work.

3. During World War II new plan for the social services was not introduced.

4. Other welfare states include the Netherlands, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Scandinavian countries, and New Zealand.

5. The 1935 Social Security Act was passed to provide funds to create old-age pensions for qualified workers retiring after the age of 65.

1. A welfare state is ….	a) …. was introduced to help people who had no job.
2. The 1935 Social Security Act ….	b) … one in which the government organizes services to try to eliminate social problems.
3. After World War I ….	c) …has a right to a certain standard of living.
4. The New Deal policy ….	d) … the great worldwide industrial slump created new problems.
5. Each person ….	e) … provided funds to help unemployed workers.

1. Did the social services grow extensively in the 20th century?

2. Did the British government introduce pensions for elderly people, insurance payments for people without jobs, and other such benefits early in the 20th century?

3. What benefits made Britain into what is known as a welfare state?

4. What is a welfare state?

5. When was the New Deal policy introduced to help the 13 million wage earners who had no jobs and the 5 million families living in poverty?

Social work as a profession engaged in rendering services intended to aid disadvantaged, distressed or vulnerable persons or groups appeared in the 19^th century. But before that there were different public officials who helped distressed people.

The first officers responsible for distributing alms to the poor were almoners usually connected with a religious house or other institution. It is considered that almoners appeared in France in the 13^th century. In England such officers began to supervise charitable works later. And they still exist as part of Queens Household. The high almoner, usually a bishop or other prelate, distributes the royal alms on Maundy Thursday.

In modern times the term almoner has also been used in Britain for a trained social worker, usually a woman, qualified to work in a medical setting. In this sense «almoner» was superseded in 1964 by the title «medical social worker». Now the term is used in Britain as well as in the United States.

Other officers who helped distressed people before appearance of social workers were overseers of the poor, people who in 16^th- and 17^th-century England and Colonial America were appointed as public officials to help collect local taxes and use these funds to provide relief for the destitute and, primarily, jobs for the able-bodied unemployed. Overseers of the poor were established in the Henrician Poor Law of 1536 and served as local officials for the government and for churches. The term «overseer of the poor» has two synonyms «guardian of the poor» and «guardian». Some social welfare historians trace the evolution of the modern social work profession to the overseers of the poor.

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