Ex.7. Определите к какому типу относятся следующие условные предложения, перепишите их и переведите на русский язык.

В А Р И А Н Т 4

Ex.1. Образуйте причастие I [Participle I] или причастие II [Participle II] от глаголов, данных в скобках. Предложения перепишите и переведите.

1) Lombard Street, the symbol of British banking, is the place where the first bankers [ to come – Participle I] from Italy settled.

2) Stag is a person [ to buy – Participle I] newly [ to issue – Participle II] shares, [ to hope – Participle I] to sell them at a profit.

3) Nowadays, the yearly expenditure on advertising in Great Britain amounts to ₤500 million, which is equivalent to more than half the sum [ to spend – Participle II] on education.

4) If [ to introduce – Participle II] by the government, protective tariffs will only lead to conflicts in international trade.

5) At the end of the 19^th century, [ to apply – Participle I] innovation of refrigeration, Argentina became the main supplier of [ to freeze – Participle II] meat to the world market.

6) A loan is money [ to lend – Participle II] on condition it will be [ to pay– Participle II] back after a [ to specify – Participle II] period with interest.

Ex.2. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции инфинитива [Infinitive].

1) To produce goods and services, firms use the following factors of production: workers’ time, knowledge and skill; equipment; land; buildings.

2) The auditor’s duty is to reduce the possibility of misappropriation, to identify mistakes or to detect fraudulent transactions.

3) When a company exports goods, there are many problems to be considered: packaging, transportation, insurance, terms of payment, etc.

4) Before the refrigerator car was invented, it was impossible to convey fresh meat, fruit, vegetables and other food products for long distances.

5) The OPEC countries have agreed to reduce oil production in order to keep the oil prices on the same level.

6) Due to taxes, part of the income of households to be spent on consumer goods and services is reduced.

Ex.3. Перепишите и переведите предложения, содержащие инфинитивную конструкцию Сложное подлежащее [Complex Subject]. Подчеркните данную конструкцию в английских предложениях.

1) The new marketing program of the company proved to be less efficient than the old one.

2) Lending money to customers the bank earns interest, and this interest is sure to be higher than interest paid to depositors.

3) The firm is said to have got so heavily into debts that it could not even pay the interest on all its loans.

4) Large businesses are supposed to have a better chance of obtaining a loan from a bank than smaller firms, though there may be exceptions.

5) Thousands of retailers and wholesalers are known to compete with each other for consumers in the computer market throughout the world.

6) The recent financial scandal on the stock market seems to be just the tip of the iceberg.

Ex.4. Перепишите и переведите предложения, содержащие инфинитивную конструкцию Сложное дополнение [Complex Object]. Подчеркните данную конструкцию в английских предложениях.

1) The developing countries want the rich countries to stop imposing tariffs on imports from the Third World.

2) We heard two banks plan to merge next year.

3) Competition both in the world market and inside the country makes producers improve goods’ quality, apply modernization and innovations to attract more consumers.

4) Analysts suppose all the oil-producing countries to deplete most of their reserves in 50 years’ time.

5) The issued stocks allowed the company to accumulate the required amount of money for increasing production.

6) We know means of payment to have varied over time from pebbles and oxen to money, including credit cards and bank accounts.

Ex.5. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на многофункциональность глаголов to have и to be. Укажите их функции.

1) After the firm had fired 100 workers, found cheaper suppliers and introduced more efficient production methods, its costs were cut by over 30%.

2) One of the essential manager’s responsibilities is to draw up a business plan for future company development.

3) During the late Middle Ages, nearly all local authorities [kings, princes, dukes, bishops as well as free cities] had their own mints. There were more than 50 mints in 13th-century France alone.

4) In a planned economy, the government decides what goods are to be produced and how they are to be marketed.

5) Switzerland has to import most raw materials needed for industry as it has a limited supply of natural resources.

Ex.6. Перепишите и переведите следующие словосочетания, обращая внимание на способы выражения определений. Укажите, чем выражено определение – существительным, прилагательным, причастием I, причастием II, герундием, инфинитивом.

1) company having high profits 6) bonds to be issued by the government

2) parts required for producing cars 7) cost of repairing the damaged machinery

3) credit terms to be proposed by the bank 8) firm specializing in importing consumer goods

4) insured real estate 9) fuel consumption growth

5) exchange rate fluctuations 10) possibility of decreasing the production costs

1) Many companies would lose their stable position if recession continued.

2) Had you kept your capital in euros rather than in rubles, your loss would have been much lower.

3) The production cost of the product would be maintained at the same level, unless the raw material prices were increased by the suppliers.

4) Provided employees do not require money in cash, their salaries can be paid by cheques or straight into bank accounts.

5) If irrigation had not been required because of the extremely hot weather, the agriculturists would have obtained higher profits from selling vegetables and fruit.

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