Ex.8. Прочитайте и переведите словосочетания, обращая внимание на особенности перевода определений, выраженных существительными.

Ex.2. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение эквивалентов модальных глаголов. Укажите предложения, в которых замена эквивалента соответствующим модальным глаголом не изменит смысла высказывания.

1) Pensions and other social payments are to be raised every year because of inflation.

2) Mr. Smith had to employ a secretary, as he was not able to cope with the paper work himself.

3) I will have to pay 50 rubles extra for my luggage because it is overweight.

4) Any freight is to be insured against damage in transit.

5) The firm’s staff was not allowed to use office telephones for private calls.

6) In order to start his own business, Mr. Johnson had to borrow a large sum of money at high interest.

7) The bank is able to lend you some money to support your firm in the critical position. However, we will not be able to give you a loan unless you provide the appropriate security.

8) You are not to discuss your boss’s orders.

9) To develop new products, pharmaceutical companies have to carry out a lot of research.

10) The government offered a program of the country’s economic development that was to be discussed by the Parliament.

11) By law, certain producers are allowed to have a full monopoly over the sale of their goods.

12) If a new commodity is introduced, preliminary calculations of the expenses for its production are to be done.

13) Goods were to be delivered yesterday but there was a delay in shipment.

14) Having introduced up-to-date technologies, the company was able to increase its profits considerably.

15) Interest on borrowed capital is to be paid out to the bank whether the business is profitable or not.

16) I need $10,000 to start a business but I have only $2,000 in my account, so I shall have to borrow the rest from the bank.

17) In the late 1980s, many industries had to increase investments in informational technologies.

18) In order to protect his invention [a new machine, a medicine, a process etc.] a scientist is to obtain a patent.

19) If the company does not have enough money to begin the reconstruction, it is able to make a loan from a bank.

20) Such large countries as the USA and Canada do not have to import wheat because they produce this crop on huge areas in their countries.

Ex.3. Выберите модальный глагол или его эквивалент из предложенных вариантов. Предложения переведите.

1) This department store может serve more than 1,000 customers a day.

a) is allowed to b) could c) will have to d) is able to

2) He пришлось offer a house in security for a loan.

a ) should b) could c) were to d) had to

3) In some companies, employees не разрешается use the Internet for personal purposes

during business hours.

a) is not able to b) did not have to c) are not allowed to d) need not

4) The building firm должна finish the construction of the new plant this year.

a) have to b) is to c) will be able to d) is allowed to

5) We придётся reduce the workforce to a certain extent, perhaps by a process of voluntary

redundancies.

a) shall have to b) must c) shall be allowed to d) shall be able to

6) The company смогла get a credit last week.

a) were able to b) had to c) could d) was allowed to

7) In order to raiselabor productivity at the plant, the old machines необходимо be replaced by

new ones.

a) are able to b) has to c) were allowed to d) are to

8) The government следует provide tax relief for smaller producers.

a) are to b) is able to c) was to d) should

9) Thanks to jumble sales, people могут get rid of all their unwanted things.

a) is allowed to b) could c) are able to d) have to

10) African countries приходится buy a large part of machinery and equipment for their plants

from developed countries.

a) are able to b) have to c) are allowed to d) were to

Ex.4. Переведите предложения, содержащие герундий [Gerund] в функции подлежащего (A), части составного сказуемого (B), дополнения (C), определения (D), обстоятельства (E).

(A) 1) Investing money in new technologies usually increases production efficiency.

2) Writing reports is not a job that everyone enjoys.

3) Buying that new machinery has seriously depleted our reserves.

4) Wearing a tie was compulsory in his office.

5) Freeing up prices leads to their increase.

6) Conducting business transactions by means of the Internet have recently become very

popular.

7) Designing the original trademark can be helpful in promoting products.

8) Recording business transactions on books of accounts is one of the accountant’s

duties.

(B) 1) Stockbroker is a man whose job is buying and selling shares.

2) Privatization is selling companies owned by the state to individuals.

3) The accountants’ work is collecting, selecting, processing, analyzing and

communicating financial information.

4) He was not interested in quality, all he cared about was making money.

5) In the mid-1990s, e-commerce began developing as rapidly as the Internet.

6) We will not continue discussing this question until the production manager arrives.

7) When the firm began expanding, one more accountant was employed.

8) They are able to sack you if you start complaining about your salary.

(C) 1)The company’s staff was asked to avoid speaking to journalists.

2) Some Members of the Parliament in Russia insist on imposing control over the Central

Bank’s monetary policy.

3) Many people object to advertising goods during a film show.

4) My friend’s ability to anticipate financial crash prevented him from losing a great deal

of money.

5) Different specialists can participate in creating the original company trademark.

6) When a country entirely relies on receiving foreign financial aid, it can lose its

independence.

7) An accountant is responsible for preparing all the financial statements at the end of a

fiscal year.

8) People who are interested in buying the company’s shares can get information about

its financial position from financial statements.

9) In a mixed economy, the government and private sectors co-operate in solving

economic problems.

10) The rise in gas prices usually results in increasing the cost of electricity.

11) The board of directors objected to getting a bank loan at such high interest rate.

12) The fiscal police suspected the company of not declaring all its profits.

(D) 1) The higher your qualification is, the better your chances of finding a job.

2) Telegraphic transfer is the fastest way of sending money.

3) New economical methods of transporting fruit and vegetables will be developed in the

future; they will help to deliver fresh products to the consumers more quickly.

4) We have found an effective way of increasing sales.

5) The clearing system became a convenient and economical means of settling debts

between banks.

6) The mechanic was askedto estimate the cost of repairing the car.

7) Industrial action is the workers’ way of protesting against company policy.

8) Securities are issued by companies, financial institutions and government as a means

of borrowing money.

(E) 1) After becoming a highly qualified accountant, he got interested in economic analysis.

2) By modernizing our factory, we hope to increase its production.

3) Before hiring a new employee, the Personnel Manager always invites him/ her to an

interview.

4) Without using computers, it would be difficult to draw up financial statements

correctly and rapidly.

5) Her total income includes earnings from her work at school and fees for giving private

lessons.

6) On issuing the book without its author’s permission, the publisher violated the

Copyright Act.

7) Government can regulate demand and supply by imposing ceiling prices and floor

prices.

8) The bank manager carefully examined the company’s balance sheet before approving

the loan.

9) People often deposit money with the bank because they find it a safe place for keeping

their savings.

10) Mark made his money by buying unprofitable companies, selling their most valuable

parts and then closing them down.

Ex.5. Переведите следующие предложения, содержащие герундий [Gerund]. Укажите функции герундия.

1) Restricting prices is one of the ways of controlling inflation.

2) After leaving school, many young people are eager to get a well-paid job, but usually they have no luck because sound companies want experienced professionals.

3) Thanks to favorable weather conditions, California specializes in growing oranges.

4) Banks make their profit by lending the money, which customers deposit with them to others who need it for personal or business reasons.

5) He was accused of making a million euros through insider trading.

6) Safe and convenient way of travelling abroad with large amount of money is purchasing traveller’s cheques.

7) This American company is selling its computers very successfully by maintaining low prices.

8) This bakery usually sells its cakes out at half price just before closing time.

9) Barter is a method of exchanging goods and services for other goods and services without using money.

10) The manufacture of a product in large numbers and at low cost by utilizing specialized equipment and a division of labor is called mass production.

11) Becoming number one is easier than remaining number one [Bradley Bill].

12) The aim of a program worked out by the Moscow government is increasing the number of the small businesses in the capital.

13) Economic development of a country is a process of raising the income per head.

14) Exporting is producing goods in one country and selling them in another country.

15) Advertisers look at each newspaper’s circulation figures before deciding where to place their advertisements.

Ex.6. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значения ing- формы.

1) In the 19^th century, Great Britain was one of the main exporters in the world, but in the early 20^th century, Britain lost its dominating position.

2) Buying this equipment was a costly mistake.

3) Nowadays, any company may do e-business, using the Internet services.

4) Interest rate is a charge for using borrowed money expressed as percentage.

5) Imposing ceiling prices on farm machines can stimulate the development of agricultural production.

6) The increase of a country’s economic growth can be achieved by using more economical machines and technologies consuming less electricity.

7) The accountant is responsible for preparing a balance sheet showing the financial position of the firm.

8) Not wishing to discuss this problem, he changed the subject of the conversation.

9) Programmers of many countries are still thinking of improving computer programs for processing the accounting information.

10) The external debt of many developing countries is growing.

11) This power station works 24 hours a day, supplying five million houses with electricity.

12) Railway transport is one of the cheapest ways of hauling freight over long distances.

13) A factory produces goods more quickly and cheaply than a group of artisans working individually.

14) The main aim of people immigrating to other countries is finding better jobs

15) While passing through customs, people usually spend not less than an hour on filling in the forms and waiting passports to be returned.

16) The number of small businesses providing such services as shoe mending or car repairing is rather high in most countries.

17) The government is offering special tax incentives to people wanting to start up a small business.

18) After paying taxes, wages, and other production costs, firms can either save their income or distribute it to their owners.

19) A private company working efficiently pays higher wages to its employees than its competitors.

20) Sometimes, governments attempt to curb the rate of inflation by controlling prices.

Ex.7. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значения ed- формы.

1) The talks between these two countries were conducted behind the closed doors.

2) New technologies reduce the number of workers needed.

3) Heavy duties imposed by the government resulted in increasing prices for imported goods.

4) An employee may be dismissed because either he/she has violated the contract of employment in some way, or when a fixed term contract has not been renewed.

5) Immigrants are received mainly in the countries that need either unskilled workers or workers with human capital unavailable domestically.

6) In the USA, the number of workers engaged in the service sector has considerably increased in recent decades.

7) At last, David received the job he had wanted for such a long time.

8) All of the laws regulatingthe conditions under which employees work for employers are called labor and industrial law.

Examples of the issues regulated by law in question are the following: hours of labor, child labor, minimum wage, workers' compensation, unemployment insurance, worker safety and health, disability compensation, and the social security system.

9) Mixed economy is an economic system in which some industries are owned by the state while others belong to individuals and firms.

10) The dollars are issued by the Federal Reserve System established by Congress in 1913.

11) He bought a used car, which broke down the next day.

12) The Switzerland- based Nestle Corporation is the world’s biggest food company and the largest producer of coffee, powdered milk, and frozen dinners.

13) Cyrus McCormick invented several machines used for mechanizing farming. His mechanical reaper, patented in 1834, revolutionized harvesting, making it quicker and easier.

14) If introduced, new technologies will enable the company to improve the quality of goods produced.

15) The manager of the repair department explained the poor quality of the work by the lack of the qualified workers.

• energy source • world price level increase

• enterprise construction cost • oil company profits

• farm produce price increase • food industry enterprise

• currency devaluation • sales department manager

• economics study • auto trade agreement

• oil demand fluctuation • environment protection

• product update program • tax rates decrease

• government spending cut • real estate agency

• currency reform implementation • audit report review

• farm economics expert • cost control system

• Far East countries • career development opportunities

• public opinion poll • social security system

Дата добавления: 2017-02-01