The word is the basic unit of the lg.

A word is the basic unit of a given lg. resulting from the association of a particular meaning with a particular group of sounds capable of a particular grammatical employment.(I.V. Arnold)

Indicates most essential characteristic features of the notion expressed by the term under discussion distinguishing it from other notions (the word from the morpheme and the word group).

Semantic motivation of words

Morphological motivation of words

Phonetic motivation of words

Semantic triangle

The definition of the word

Characteristics of the word as the basic unit of the language

An Outline

Lecture 2. The English Word as a Structure

Meaning is studied as interdependence btw words and their referents (things or concepts).

Polydimentional opposition: comprises many elements of the system:

skilled:: unskilled;

Able:: unable;

accountable:: unaccountable;

affected:: unaffected;

armed:: unarmed;

Immovable, deforestation, miscalculate – the new words

Text

When some years ago, knowing ten words of English and using them all wrong, I applied for a translator’s job, my would – be employer (or would – not – be employer) softly remarked: “I am afraid your English is somewhat unorthodox.” This translated into any continental language would mean: EMPLOYER (to the commissioner): “Jean, kick this gentleman down the steps!

DEFINITION:

DESCRIPTION: aims at enumerating all the essential features of a notion.ъ

· It unites meaning and form,

· is composed of one or more morphemes,

· each consisting of one or more spoken sounds or their written representation.

Morphemes are also meaningful units but cannot be used independently, only as parts of words, but words can be used as complete utterances (Look! Listen!)

Words can be formed with the help of derivational affixes: work > worker.

Words fulfill different grammatical functions with the help of functional affixes (work, works, worked) or analytically with the help of auxiliaries (I am working now).

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