Evaluative connotation

An emotional (affective) connotation

It fulfills the significative and the communicative functions and is regarded as the central factor in the functioning of the lg.

Names some objects spoken about.

It conceptualizes and classifies our experience and

Рука- hand, arm, etc.

Нога-foot, leg;

ЧАСЫ – watch, clock

Высокий – high, tall

The lexical meaning of the word is the realization or naming of the notion, emotion or object by means of a definite lg. system subject to the influence of grammar and vocabulary peculiarities of that lg.Ex.: go:: come but идти(Go by train but ехать на поезде)

Go fishing, skating, boating skiing, riding (No Russian equivalents)

The denotative meaning is essentially cognitive:

The connotative meaning is the pragmatic communicative value the word receives, by virtue of where, when, how, by whom, for what purpose and in what contexts it is or may be used. It consists of 4 main types:

· stylistic,

· emotional,

· evaluative and

· expressive (intensifying).

Stylistic connotation concerns:

· the situation in which the word is uttered,

· the social circumstances (formal, familiar, etc.), the social relations btw. the interlocutors (polite, rough),

· the type and purpose of communication (learned, poetic, official, etc.) Horse::steed::nag::gee-gee.

corresponds to emotional situations or the association of the referent with emotions:

“Tired with all this for restful death I cry”.

Beseech “to ask eagerly and anxiously”.

expresses approval or disapproval:

magic (positive):: witchcraft:: sorcery (negative).

Bias words involve ideological viewpoints and are characteristic of the newspaper vocabulary: “Black is beautiful”, “Black Power”,

Backward students< underachievers. Undeveloped countries-lessdeveloped – developing countries.

The intensifying (expressive, emphatic) connotation:

Дата добавления: 2013-12-13