Texts and Dialogues. District Polyclinic

District Polyclinic

In cities and towns the basic unit of Public Health Service is the polyclinic. Polyclinics are large units, each often employing as many as 200 doctors.

Polyclinics are of three main types - those for the adult population of a given area, those situated in factories and plants (for employees only), and those for children. Thus, within one family, it is possible to have father, mother and child served by three separate polyclinics. The work of the polyclinic is many-sided and responsible one. Ambulatory help is the most mass type of medical help. One of the important subdivisions of the polyclinic is the registry. There are also many studies (rooms, consulting-rooms): therapeutic, surgical, neurologic, ophthalmologic, otorhinolaryngologic, infectious diseases, stomatology, traumatology, the room for medical examination, a special room for teen-agers, some auxiliary rooms - physiotherapeutic, X-ray, electrocardiologic, procedure room, laboratory, etc. When the patient comes to the local polyclinic he most often sees first his own district doctor, who seeks specialist's advice only where necessary. In other cases, the patient himself, with a little help from the reception staff, selects the specialist who appears to be most suitable. It may be a surgeon, an ophthalmologist, a dermatologist or any other specialist he needs. The patient who is ill at home is visited by his local district doctor. Only minor illnesses are treated at home; all other patients are hospitalized.

Interviewing the Doctor-in- Chief about the Work of the Polyclinic

Correspondent: Hello, Doctor.

Doctor: Hello.

C: Let me introduce myself. My name is....... I am a correspondent of the TV program "Health".

D: Yes, I remember. Make yourself comfortable.

C: Thank you. I hope you will tell us about the work of your polyclinic.

D: With pleasure. What would you like to know?

C: Well, first of all, how many citizens do you cater to?

D: Oh, our therapeutic district is large. We serve all the citizens of the Central District. It is about 15 thousand.

C: Really? And how many doctors are there on the staff?

D: About 30 district doctors and about the same number of specialists.

C: What are they, I wonder?

D: We have surgeons, ophthalmologists, dermatologists, dentists and many other specialists.

C: I see. And what about the working hours of your Polyclinic?

D: It works from 8 a.m. till 8 p.m. First the patient comes to the registry and the clerk helps to choose the doctor he needs. The doctors’ consulting rooms are on the second and third floors.

C: And what about the first floor? As far as I can see, the first floor is occupied by the laboratories and diagnostic rooms.

B: Yes, you are right. We have an X-ray room, a room for taking electrocardiograms, a room for ultrasonic examination, and some others.

C: Do you have a special consulting room for teenagers?

D: Yes, of course.

C: And what about the chemist's stall?

D: Sure. It is downstairs, near the cloak-room.

C: Can a patient call in a doctor to his place?

D: Yes, he can, if he has a high temperature he can do it by the telephone.

C: Thank you for your interesting information.

D: You are welcome.

C: Good-bye.

D: Good luck to you.

At the Registry

(Situation: A patient comes up to the registering clerk on duty)

P: Good morning.

R: Good morning, Can I help you?

P: Yes, do, please. You see, I'd like to see my district doctor Doubrovin / a surgeon / an ophthalmologist etc. What are his consulting hours today?

R: Just a minute, let me see. Yes, Doctor Doubrovin is seeing (examining) his patients now. His reception hours are from 8 a.m. till 12.

P: Good. Could you give me an appointment card?

R: Yes, it is possible. Here you are. Your time is 10.30.

P: Thank you. Sorry. I've forgotten the number of his consulting room.

R: It is consulting room No 23.

P: Should I go upstairs and turn to the left?

R: Right you are.

P: Thank you.

R: Not at all.

(The telephone rings. The registering clerk on duty takes the receiver.)

P: Hello. Is it the registry?

R: Yes it is. What can I do for you?

P: I want to call in a doctor. Is it possible?

R.: Sure. Who is your district doctor?

P: Sorry, I don't know.

R: Where do you live?

P: My address is..... Street.

R: Let me see. Your district doctor is.....

P: What are his/her working hours today?

R: Now she/he is consulting patients at the polyclinic. She/he will go to calls in

the afternoon. So she/he will come to your place at 3 p.m. OK?

P: Good.

R: What is your name?

P: My name is....

R: What are your complaints?

P: I have fever, sore throat and headache.

R:All right, your district doctor will see you.

P: Thank you. Good-bye.

R: You are welcome.

District Doctor’s Work

City therapeutic district is a part of the territory under the supervision of the polyclinic. A district doctor and a nurse attached to him serve the constant population of their district of usually 3 or 4 thousand residents.

In the morning the district doctor usually sees his patients at the polyclinic. After his consulting hours - usually in the afternoon - he makes a daily round of visits to the district. The district therapeutist is a real family doctor. Whenever summoned he calls on the patient, examines him or her at home, gives a diagnosis and prescribes the necessary treatment. He continues to call on the patients afterwards, checks on his state of health and if necessary changes the treatment. The district doctor also makes regular visits to chronic patients or those who are registered as follow-up cases with a specialized clinic. Close contact with the inhabitants of the district gives the possibility to a doctor for better treatment, prophylaxis, healthy home surroundings of the patients.

A good district doctor must not only be an experienced specialist, but he must also have a good bedside manner. In this case he will always gain the patients' confidence and this is very helpful in defeating the disease. Medical nurses and paramedical personnel help the doctor. A nurse visits the patients, carries out necessary procedures and vaccination.

District Doctor’s Working Day

Correspondent: Good morning, Doctor Ivanov. My name is Sergey Sidorov. I am a correspondent of the paper "Health".

Doctor: Good morning. What can I do for you?

C: I would like to interview you about your work if you don't mind.

D: Of course, I don't. What would you like to know?

C: To begin with, tell me a few words about your working day.

D: I start at 8 a.m. and work full time till 4 p.m. I also take night shifts.

C: Do you consult your patients at the polyclinic all day long or probably you're engaged in some other occupation?

D: Well, I usually see (examine) my patients in the morning and after 12 p.m. I make rounds of visits to the district with the nurse, who carries out all the necessary procedures and vaccinations.

C: I see. So what do you do during your consulting hours at the polyclinic?

D: My duties are as follows: I must examine the patients, make a correct diagnosis and prescribe (administer) a proper treatment. If needed I write out prescriptions and sick leaves.

C: And how do you go to calls?

D: I call on the patient whenever summoned and do the same things as at the polyclinic. I continue to visit the patient at home afterwards, check his state of health and if necessary change the treatment. I also make regular visits to chronic patients and to some follow-ups.

C: That's clear. By the way, how many patients do you see daily at the polyclinic and at home?

D: As a matter of fact, the registry states a certain number of the visitors for a district doctor. I am supposed to consult about 30 persons, but of course, the number of patients varies every day and depends upon many factors - the season and the current epidemic, to be more exact. I can consult 15 patients at one day and 50 at another. As for the patients served at home, they make about 10 people.

C: Oh, that's a lot of people! It must be really hard to deal with such a number of patients. How do you cope with it?

D: Certainly, I get really tired but I try not to think about it. I just do my best to give medical aid to those who expect me to, and I am obliged to do it by all means. That's my duty as a doctor.

C: One more question: what is the most significant feature of a doctor in your point of view?

D: I consider that it is an ability to deal with the patients, to gain their confidence. My practice shows that in the majority of cases it is even more important than medical help itself.

C: Thank you very much. It was a real pleasure to talk to you. Good-bye.

D: You are welcome. Good-bye.

Combined City Hospital

Combined city hospital is the main curative-prophylactic establishment in the city. The majority of city hospitals is many-aspected, i.e. they include departments of different specialities. There are possibilities for entire medical observation of the patients and complex treatment insuch hospitals. The structure of the combined hospital:

1. HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT: staff and clerk office, medical statistics study, medical archives room, bookkeeper's room, library.

2.CURATIVE DIVISION: reception room (ward), medical department (unit): therapeutic, surgical, traumatologic, oncologic, urologic, ophthalmologic, otorhinolaryngologic, infectious, tuberculous, pediatric, gynecological, obstetrical and others, depending on the hospital capacity and profile.

AUXILIARY DIAGNOSTIC DEPARTMENTS (ROOMS): roentgenological,physiotherapeutic,curative medicine, etc.

LABORATORIES: clinical, biochemical, bacteriological, serological, etc.

PATHOANATOMICAL DEPARTMENT.

RESUSCITATION DEPARTMENT, INTENSIVE CARE (THERAPY) DEPARTMENT.

3. ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION: kitchen, laundry, garage, barns, etc.

4. POLYCLINICS (polyclinical department).

Doctor-in-chief managers the staff and he is responsible for medical and economic activity of the hospital as a whole. Every department is headed by the Deputy Doctor. He guides curative work at the department, carries out everyday morning rounds, consults ordinators, discharges patients, checks up the curative indications.

There are nurses and junior medical staff at every department. The duties of a ward nurse include all kinds of care for a patient. She admits the patient, teaches him on regime, order of the hospital, takes part in doctors’ morning rounds, records and carries out all the doctor’s directions. She takes the temperature, gives medicines, makes injections, collects the material for laboratory analyses, follows sanitary-hygienic conditions of the wards and so on. Great importance is given to the role of a senior nurse of the department. All the paramedical personnel are subjected to her. In every large hospital there is a senior hospital nurse in the staff. She is subjected to the Chief Doctor and his Deputies (substitutes). She presides the Council of the Nurses of the hospital. She may be called the hostess of the hospital.

Interviewing the Doctor-in-Chief about the work of the Hospital

R: Good afternoon, Professor. I'm Nina Belova, a correspondent of the TV program "Medicine for you".

D: Good afternoon. Welcome to our hospital.

R: Thank you. Could you answer some of my questions about your hospital?

D: Sure. What would you like to know?

R: My first question is: When was your hospital founded?

D: It was founded in 1990. The first part of the main building wascompleted in 1996. The hospital continues to grow and will soon have a new wing.

R: That's clear. What is the patient workload/capacity of your hospital?

D: Our hospital, is a 400-bed medical treatment facility. The normal patient workload of the hospital is 400 patients.

R: I see. What kind of medical care can a patient receive in the hospital?

D: The hospital offers a spectrum of medical services to satisfy various medical requirements. It gives patients care in more than 30 medical specialities.

R: Really? The next thing I'd like to know is: How many and what departments is your hospital composed of?

D: The hospital is currently composed of the following departments: the reception (admitting) office, surgical unit, therapeutical, traumatological, ophthalmological departments, the department of infectious diseases, ear-nose-throat department, the intensive care unit, laboratory, physiotherapy and X- ray rooms.

R: Is there an emergency department? And what patients does it serve?

D: Yes, there is. It serves trauma and other categories of patients who have critical medical problems.

R: Is your hospital (department) staffed completely, I wonder?

D: No, three physicians and five nurses are lacking, sorry to say that.

R: What a shame (pity)! How many patients are admitted to the hospital daily?

D: The average daily patient load (number of admissions) is 40.

R: What is the average number of occupied bed days (length of stay)?

D: It is 18 to 20 days.

R: How well is the hospital equipped?

D: The hospital contains advanced equipment to perform such sophisticated techniques as X-­ray examination including contrast techniques, ultrasonography examination, computerized axial tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, hyperbaric oxygenation, etc. There are also well-equipped intensive therapy wards in our hospital. The management computer system is used for the purposes of administration and medical statistics.

R: Sounds great! Thank you, professor, for this valuable information. I was pleased to meet you. And I'd like to wish you successful work.

D: The pleasure was mine. Good luck to you. And good health too.

Work of an In-Patient Department

When the patients are admitted to the hospital first of all they are received by a nurse on duty at the reception ward. Those patients who are to be hospitalized have already received the direction from the polyclinic. The nurse on duty fills in the patients’ case histories in which she writes down their names, age, place of work, occupation, address and the initial diagnosis made by a doctor at the polyclinic.

Then the doctor on duty examines the hospitalized patients and gives his instructions what department and wards the patients are to be admitted to.

At the in-patient department of a hospital life begins early in the morning. The nurses on duty take the patients' temperature, give them intramuscular and intravenous injections, take stomach juice for analysis, apply cups and give all the prescribed remedies in the doses indicated by the ward doctors. The nurses keep all the drugs in special drug cabinets. All the drugs have special labels. The names of drugs are indicated on them. Patients are not allowed to take the medicines themselves because some of the drugs may cause unfavorable reactions and even death.

At about nine o' clock in the morning the doctors begin the daily round of the wards during which they examine all the patients. After the medical examination the doctors administer the patients different procedures: electrocardiograms are taken, laboratory analyses of blood, urine and gastric juice are made. Some patients are administered a bed regimen, others are allowed to walk, some are to follow a diet to relieve stomachache or prevent unfavorable results in case of stomach troubles. All the doctors always treat the patients with great attention and care. There is no doubt that such a hearty attitude of the doctors to the patients helps much in their recovery.

Visiting an In-Patient

A: Hello.

B: Hello. How are you?

A: So-so, thanks.

В: I've heard that you’re in hospital. What’s up with you?

A: Ifelt bad (unwell) three days ago. I had nausea and vomiting. I called in a doctor and he advised me to be hospitalized.

B: And do you know your diagnosis, I wonder?

A: Yes, I do. It’s acute pancreatitis.

В: I hope it’s not very dangerous. When were you admitted to the hospital? What was it like?

A: I was admitted to the hospital two days ago. The nurse on duty filled in my case history. She wrote down my name, age, place of work, occupation, address and the initial diagnosis. Then the doctor on duty examined me and gave me instructions to be admitted to gastroenterological department to ward number 7.

B: Could you tell me, what analyses did you have made?

A: I had blood test and urinalyses made.

В: And what procedures were administered to you?

A: Every day early in the morning the nurse on duty gives me intravenous injections.

B: And were any physiotherapeutie procedures prescribed to you?

A: No, I don't need any physiotherapeutie procedures.

В: I wonder, do you like your doctor? What’s he like?

A: Oh, he is a very good, experienced specialist. Besides he has a good bedside manner and he is very careful. Every day about 9 o'clock in the morning he begins his daily round, examines his patients and administers them all necessary procedures and drugs.

В: I hope, you follow the doctor's prescriptions, don’t you?

A: Yes, of course I do. I keep to a strict diet; I believe it’s very important.

В: Really? And what food can’t you eat?

A: I can't eat fatty food, eggs, sausage, smoked ham, pepper. Besides I can't drink alcohol.

B: I’ve brought you some fruits. I think you'll eat them with pleasure.

A: Oh, I see you’ve brought some oranges. I like them very much. Thank you.

В: You’re welcome. Oh, I'm sorry, but I have to go. I feel sorry for you. I wish you were well again as soon as possible.

A: Thanks a lot. I was very glad to see you. Remember me to our friends.

В: OK, see you soon.

A Good-bye.

UNIT IV. DISCUSSING THE WORK OF A CHEMIST’S SHOP

РАЗДЕЛ IV. БЕСЕДУЕМ О РАБОТЕ АПТЕКИ

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ
ПО РАБОТЕ С МАТЕРИАЛАМИ РАЗДЕЛА

1. Подробно ознакомьтесь с содержанием коммуникативных заданий. Определите для себя круг вопросов, которые Вам предстоит обсудить. Необходимая информация содержится в предлагаемых для чтения текстах и диалогах, к которым прилагаются фонограммы.

2. Вам следует выписать в индивидуальные словари необходимые для выполнения коммуникативных заданий лексические единицы из предложенного в начале раздела списка слов и словосочетаний, а также текстов и диалогов. Уточните произношение новых слов по словарю.

3. Прослушивая фонограмму текста или диалога, обращайте внимание не только на произношение отдельных слов, но и на общий интонационный рисунок каждого предложения. При необходимости повторяйте трудные фрагменты вслед за диктором в паузах. Количество прослушиваний определите самостоятельно.

4. Для успешного выполнения некоторых коммуникативных заданий Вам также потребуется использование текстов аннотаций к лекарственным средствам (листков-вкладышей) на английском языке. Внимательно изучите перечень основных рубрик аннотации, уточните значение заголовков, найдите соответствующие рубрики Вашей аннотации. Особое внимание обратите на разделы "Indications", "Contraindications, "Side Effects". Напоминаем, что многие термины, встречающиеся в этих рубриках, Вы можете уточнить в блоке "Clinical Manifestations" Раздела II настоящего пособия.

5. Приступая к выполнению каждого коммуникативного задания, постарайтесь также использовать известные Вам средства речевого взаимодействия в диалоге, формулы вежливости и т.д., которые сделают Ваше общение с собеседником более естественным и эффективным.

6. Надеемся, что данный порядок работы с материалом раздела поможет Вам свободно участвовать в обсуждении работы фармакологической службы.

7. Если любой другой алгоритм действий представляется Вам более эффективным для овладения материалами данного раздела, используйте его.

Коммуникативные задания

1. Ваша знакомая, которая учится на иностранном отделении КГМУ, попросила Вас сходить с ней в аптеку за лекарствами и некоторыми медицинскими товарами. В аптеке она спрашивает Вас, в каком отделе продаются лекарственные формы и медицинские товары, которые она желает купить. Вы отвечаете на ее вопросы и помогаете выбрать все, что необходимо. Затем она покупает препараты в отделе готовых лекарственных форм, а в соседнем отделе - медицинские товары (шприцы, бинты, пипетку и т.д.).

2. В рецептурный отдел аптеки обращается покупатель, турист из Франции, с двумя рецептами. Лекарства, обозначенного в одном из рецептов, в аптеке нет, но рецептар предлагает на русском языке покупателю аналогичное по действию средство. Клиент просит аннотацию к этому препарату на французском или английском языке, и вместе с рецептаром они обсуждают преимущества этого лекарства, наличие побочных реакций, способ применения и т.д. на английском языке. Работник аптеки убеждает посетителя купить данный препарат. Что же касается микстуры от кашля, прописанной во втором рецепте, то рецептар сообщает, что она будет готова через час. Покупатель заказывает микстуру, благодарит рецептара, прощается и уходит.

3. Вы работаете консультантом в аптеке одного из небольших городов Англии. Один из Ваших клиентов оказался Вашим бывшим однокурсником. Вы показываете ему Вашу аптеку, подробно рассказываете об отделах и продаваемых в них препаратах и медицинских товарах. Его также интересует, в чем заключаются Ваши обязанности, а также просит Вас дать ему рекомендации по использовании препаратов при его заболевании.

4. Ваш друг, который учится на факультете иностранных студентов КГМУ, узнал, что при университете есть аптека с фитобаром, и приглашает Вас посетить его. По дороге туда он расспрашивает Вас об аптеке, ее отделах, сотрудниках, об ассортименте товаров, в том числе предлагаемых в фитобаре. Придя в бар, Вы обсуждаете карту напитков (отвары, чаи, коктейли и т.д.) и выбираете что заказать.

5. Вы работаете в больнице врачом, Ваш друг учится на фармацевтическом отделении факультета для иностранных студентов. Он хочет узнать о работе больничной аптеки. Вы подробно отвечаете на его вопросы о функциях аптеки при больнице, обязанностях ее сотрудников, хранении лекарств и т.д.

6. Вы снимаете для телевидения Канады, США и других стран рекламный ролик о преимуществах нового препарата, разработанного Вашей фирмой. Пациент-скептик предполагает, что препарат малоэффективен, оказывает побочные действия, неудобен в применении. Убедите его в обратном, приведя другие точки зрений, высказанные пациентами-оптимистами (можно использовать аннотации к современным препаратам).

Terms and Speech Patterns

Nouns:

chemist’s (shop) / drugstore /pharmacy аптека

hospital drugstore / pharmacy аптека при больнице

retail pharmacy аптека розничной продажи лекарственных средств

chemist’s stall аптечный киоск

drug/medicine/remedy/ medication /agent/ cure/ physic - лекарство, средство, препарат

prescription receipt (recipe) for some drug рецепт на лекарство

prescription form/blank бланк рецепта

drug formula состав лекарства...

signature подпись

directions for administration указание по применению

doctor's private/personal seal личная печать врача

prescription department рецептурный отдел

chemist's/manual department отдел штучной продажи/отпуска лекарств

special counter/window прилавок/окошко

shop window витрина

drug cabinet шкафчик для хранения лекарств

refrigerator / fridge холодильник

shelf (pl. shelves) полка (полки)

manager управляющий/директор

pharmacist провизор, фармацевт

chemist провизор, фармацевт

dispenser/dispensing pharmacist отпускающий провизор

chemist-analyst химик-аналитик

visitor/customer/client/patient посетитель/покупатель/клиент/пациент

Drugs:

ready-made/manufactured drugs готовые лекарственные формы

right-away medicines лекарства, отпускаемые без рецепта

drugs sold without prescriptions лекарства, отпускаемые без рецепта

drugs for external use лекарства для наружного применения

drugs for internal use лекарства для приема внутрь

drugs for injections лекарства для инъекций

drugs for immediate use лекарства для немедленного использования

strong-effective drugs сильнодействующие лекарства

similar drug (of the same effect) аналогичное средство (с тем же действием)

drug equivalent to лекарство с аналогичным действием/такое же как….

available drug имеющееся(в продаже) лекарство

commonly used drug обычно/часто применяемое средство

superior/better drug лучшее/лучше действующее лекарство

inferior drug хуже действующее лекарство

preventive drug лекарство для профилактики

poisonous drug ядовитое лекарство

drug for headache/cough/cold/indigestion etc. лекарство от головной

боли/кашля/простуды/несварения желудка и т.д.

Дата добавления: 2014-10-15