Laboratory

Read and translate the text

Complete the following sentences according to the models.

Use (a) few, (a) little.

Use much, many.

1. How... bulbs are there on that bench, Paul? 2. We don't need... sulphuric acid. 3. Is there... water in the vessel? 4. There isn't... meat at home, and there isn't... fish either. 5. Do you really need so... distilled water? 6. He says he couldn't bring... samples. 7. Have you got... money? 8. There is... carbon oxide in the city air. 9.... people came to his lecture. 10. … of what he says is tested experimentally. 11. I've got... time. 12. How... is there in this tube?

1. There is... solvent in the container. 2. Is there so... salt left? 3. Tom has made very … mistakes in the test. 4. There are... samples of suspension left. 5. There is... suspension left. 6. Ann has... English books, she wants to buy some more. 7. Give me … time. 8. I know …about colloids. 9. There are very … reagents suitable for this experiment. 10. There were … devices at our disposal last week.

Study the following chart, mind the meaning of modal verbs and their equivalents:

The students must study hard.	duty, obligation
The meeting is to take place at 5 p. m.	plan, agreement
We can finish our work in time. They couldn’t complete the synthesis yesterday. We shall be able to solve this prob­lem much earlier if we get neces­sary information in time	ability, capability
May I take this book? You may take this book, I have already read it.	request, permission

Model I: I have missed many lessons and now I…very hard.

I have missed many lessons and now I have to work very hard.

The results of their experiments were bad, they … them.

The results of their experiments were bad, they had to repeat them.

1. He has worked very hard this month, he... a little now. 2. This substance is very rare, if you want to use it you... before the experiment. 3. They used analytical balances as they... very minute quantities. 4. The water is very cold, you... before drinking it.

Model II: I cannot attend the meeting as I …at home at six.

I cannot attend the meeting as I am to be at home at six.

1. Don’t be late, the meeting... at five sharp. 2. He... his research work by the end of this year, that’s why he is so busy. 3. The temperature... 100 C⁰ if you want to complete your experiment in time. 4. Don’t you know that you... at three today.

10. Fill in the blanks with modals:

1. I... help you yesterday as I came very late from the Institute. 2. You... understand now that it is necessary to do everything in time. 3.... I take your dictionary? I have lost mine. 4. Today he... come to the library as he has a meeting. 5. They... prepare everything for the experiment tonight. 6. If you want, you... read this article.

All the laboratories of inorganic chemistry are almost alike. These are large rooms where both students and research- workers carry out their experimental work. Modern laboratories of inorganic as well as organic and analytical chemistry are provided with gas and running water. Every laboratory is to be provided with a ventilating hood for the escape of both harmful and unpleasant vapours and odours. Every laboratory has to be lit up very well.

There are many laboratory benches with a great number of drawers in every laboratory. Different apparatus devices as well as materials are to be kept in them. Besides we can see many shelves and cases for containers with chemicals.

On every laboratory bench one can see test-tubes, flasks, beakers, funnels, evaporating, dishes, weighing bottles. All this glassware should be kept in good order.

Various burners serve for producing flames. Bunsen burner is to be mentioned among them. Different crucibles are to be employed when heating of solution and igniting of materials are to be employed when heating of solution and igniting of materials are to be carried out. Crucibles are usually made of quartz, porcelain and iron. In addition to these crucibles, there are platinum crucibles in some laboratories, but they are used very seldom.

Every laboratory should be equipped with different kinds of apparatus. Everything in the laboratory is to have its definite place.

Notes to the text:

to be alike smth. – быть подобным ч-л.

a great number of – много, большое количество

besides – кроме, помимо

in good order – в хорошем состоянии, в хорошем порядке

in addition to – кроме, помимо, в дополнение к

in oder to – для того, чтобы, затем чтобы

12. Find the pairs of synonyms in the list and remember them:

alike, nearly, different, similar, almost, various, employ, obtain, use, get.

13. Find the pairs of antonyms in the list and remember them:

large, inorganic, cool, small, organic, harmful, pleasant, often, useful, unpleasant seldom, warm, heavy, tasteful, indefinite, light, tasteless, definite.

14. Fill the blanks with the words given below:

glassware, reaction, drawers, as well as, crucibles, chemicals, to pour, burners.

1. In the laboratory the students carry out experiments…research work. 2. On the laboratory benches we can see much…. 3. A laboratory bench has a number of…. 4.... are used for heating solutions. 5. Containers are used for keeping …. 6. When we obtain hydrogen chloride we … some sulphuric acid in a flask. 7. Nitric acid may be obtained by the … of concentrated sulphuric acid with sodium nitrate. 8. … are used for igniting materials.

15. Find the answers to the questions in the opposite:

1. What is desiccator used for?	a. for the measurement of quantities of liquids
2. What is burner used for?	b. for igniting materials
3. What is evaporating dish made of?	c. for heating substances
4. What is the beaker used for?	d. from glass or porcelain
5. What are crucibles used for?	e.for protecting material from the air, while the material is being weighed/ for drying materials
6. What is a water-bath used for?	f. for slow heating or evaporating the materials

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