Exercise I. Identify the meaning of the verb need in fhe sentences below and translate them into Ukrainian

1. «We don't need anything else.» 2. «You needn't have to bring your umbrella, Sugar Boy, as we are going by car.» 3. «He need say no more to her this evening.» (R.Warren) 4. «Boys of your age need to sleep the clock round.» (Snow) 5. «I don't think you need be afraid of that.» (Maugham) 6. «You need not come before tea.» (Ibid.) 7. «You are in a condition in which you will shortly need care and attention.» (Ibid.) 8. «You need not worry about that.» (Voynich) 9. Then for a flight to Italy... people needed pasports to get abroad. (Hailey) 10. «Let's take your car... Then I needn't get mine out of the garage.» (F.King) 11. «You need not be afraid.» (Wilde) 12. «You needn't trouble. It's here.» (Greene) 13. «More, I shall send you at all times that you need.» (O.Henry) 14. «As a matter of fact you needn't ascertain.» 15.... the chauffeur asked him if he needed help, but he shook bis head. (Fitzgerald) 16. «You needn't bother about coming up, Manson...» (Cronin) 17. «You want my professional opinion... that what you need is sea air.» (Christie) 18. She said, «Need we go to the club?» (Greene) 19. «I'm sorry. You needn't be. It's not you, kid.» (Ibid.) 20. His presence in Columbus was due to the fact that his political fences needed careful repairing. 21. Hence, only twenty-five cents need to be returned to the man. (Dreiser) 22. «You needn't be in such a fright, take my arm.» (B.Shaw) 23.1 need hardly say I would do anything in the world to ensure Gwendolen's happiness. (Wilde) 24. To achieve long-term capital growth, you need foresight and selectivity. (The Economist). 25. «... I don't think you need translate it.» (Galsworthy)

8. The verb dare like the verb need may function in English

both as a modal verb and as a regular finite verb with all its paradig­matic forms. The lexical meaning of the verb, however, remains un­changed and corresponds to the Ukrainian verbs сміти, наважуватися/відважуватися, насмілюватися.

The verb dare is mostly translated into Ukrainian as сміти, насмілюватися. For example:

She daren't come here when І Вона не сміла/насмілювалася

was alone. (V. Pritchett) заходити сюди, коли я був сам.

When in its non-modal formal meaning, the verb dare is trans­lated with the help of these same Ukrainian verbs:

He longed to read his stories Йому дуже кортіло прочитати
to Ruth but he did not dare. (Lon- свої оповідання Рут, але він не
don) наважувався/не насмілювався.

In colloquial English the verb dare is often used either in a phrase form or as a composite word with the verb say dare say/ daresay.

«Most people would say so.» «Більшість так сказали б.»

«І dare/say they would.» «Вважаю/гадаю, що ска-

(Christie) зали б.»

The verb daresay in the last sentence may also have the meaning насмілюватися, сміти, наважуватися/відважуватися. Hence, a correct translation depending on its contextual environment may also be «Наважуваюсь/відважуюсь, стверджувати, що сказали б».

The meaning of dare say/daresay in Ukrainian may be con­veyed, therefore, as вважаю, допускаю, цілком імовірно, смію сказати, не без того, щоб; наважуся сказати/ стверджувати, etc. Besides, the verb dare is often used to ex­press indignation as in the following sentences:

«How dare you talk to me like «Як ти смієш так

this.» (Maxwell) розмовляти зі мною.»

«Let him come back, if he «Хай тільки свого носа

dare!» cried Valencia. (Kingsley) наважиться показати тут!» -

викрикнула Валенсія.

The above-mentioned and other meanings of both the modal form and the regular finite form of the verb dare/daresay are to be found in the sentences cited in the exercise below.

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