Task 15. Test your intuitions about behaviour by answering true or false to the statements below

Which of them

E) beliefs

D) values

C) personality traits

B) temperament

A) emotional tone

f) expectations

· predetermine personality

· color personality

· shaped by personality

Task 13. According to Erikson, a child encounters a psychosocial challenge at each stage. If the child successfully resolves the issue, the child develops a positive social trait and progresses to the next stage. Try to guess Erikson’s correlation between the age range and the issue the child is concerned at this stage. Number the stages in their chronological order.

1. Stage …Autonomy versus guilt: Am I good or bad?	A. Ages: 1-3 years
2. Stage…Trust versus mistrust: Is my word predictable and supportive?	B. Ages: middle adult
3. Stage… Autonomy versus shame and doubt: Can I do things myself or must I rely on others?	C. Ages: Young adult
4. Stage… Ego integrity versus despair: Have I lived a full life?	D. Ages: 3-6years
5. Stage… Generativity versus stagnation: Will I succeed in life?	E. Ages: early teens
6. Stage… Industry versus inferiority: Am I successful or worthless?	F. Ages: early infancy
7. Stage… Identity versus role confusion: Who am I?	G. Ages: older adult
8. Stage… Intimacy versus isolation: Shall I share my life with someone or live alone?	H. Ages: 6-12 years

Task 14. Read the terms below and try to explain what they mean. Choose the correct term to complete the sentence:

Telegraphic speech; socialization, democratic families; egocentric; maturation.

1. In __________, adults develop a parenting style in which children participate in decisions affecting their lives.

2. Seeing and thinking of the world only from one’s own standpoint is called ________ thinking.

3. Children at around age 2 use _____________ in which the words are left out but the message gets across.

4. The study of changes that occur as an individual matures is ____________.

5. Learning the rules of behaviour of one’s culture is called ____________.

1. The behaviour of most lower animals – insects, reptiles and amphibians, most rodents, and birds – is instinctive and unaffected by learning.

2. For the first week of life a baby sees nothing but shades of gray-blue regardless of where he or she looks.

3. A child learns to talk more quickly if the adults around the child habitually repeat the word he or she is trying to say, using proper pronunciation.

4. The best way to get a chronically noisy child to settle down and pay attention is to punish him or her.

5. Slow learners remember more of what they learn than fast learners.

6. Highly intelligent people, geniuses, tend to be physically frail and socially isolated.

7. On the average, you cannot predict from a person’s grades at school and college whether he or she will do well in a career.

8. Most stereotypes are completely true.

9. In small amounts, alcohol is a stimulant.

10. The largest drug problem in the United States, in terms of the number of people affected, is marijuana.

11. Psychiatry is a subdivision of psychology.

12. Most developmentally handicapped people also have psychological disorders.

13. A third or more of the people suffering from severe psychological disorders are potentially dangerous.

14. Electroshock therapy is an outmoded technique rarely used in today’s mental hospitals.

15. The more severe the disorder, the more intensive the therapy required to cure it; for example, schizophrenics usually respond best to psychoanalysis.

16. Nearly all the psychological characteristics of men and women appear to be inborn; in all cultures, for example, women are more emotional and sexually less aggressive than man.

17. No reputable psychologist takes seriously such irrational phenomena as ESP, hypnosis, or the bizarre mental and physical achievements of Eastern yogis.

Дата добавления: 2014-11-08