Электротехники. Переведите

Прочитайте текст, перечислите наиболее важные изобретения в области

Несомненный

Отрицательные префиксы un-fimquestionable

— спорный -^ unquestionable — неоспоримый,

material — immaterial, limited — unlimited, important — unimportant,

usual — unusual, natural — unnatural, necessary — unnecessary,

known — unknown, qualified — unqualified, changing —

unchanging, seen — unseen, possible — impossible, perfect — imperfect,

personal — impersonal, mobile — immobile.

Упражнение 8. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова.

electricity [ilek'trisiti], civilization [,sivilai'zeijen], economic

and social progress ['preugres], transformer [traens'foime], universal

[ju:niVe:s9l], electrometallurgy [ilektreume'taeledsi], cable

['keibl], specific [spi'sifik], machine [m9'Ji:n], photocopying

machine, radar ['reide], Paris ['paeris], generator ['dsenereite],

battery ['baetari], lamp [laemp], dynamo ['dainameu], indicator

['indikeite], nation ['neijan], energy ['enacfei], service ['S9:vis],

laser ['leiza], compact ['kompaekt].

Упражнение 9. Прочитайте и запомните произношение слов.

imagine [I'maedjin], turn [te:n], daily ['deili], completely

[kam'pli:tli], power ['paua], appearance [a'piarans], gear [gia],

pulley ['pull], whole [haul], range [reincfe], device [diVais],

source [so:s], century ['sen^uri], design [di'zain], since [sins],

consumption [кап'злтр/ап], double [dAbI], health [heIG], reduce

[ri'djuis], beam [bi:m], advantages [adVointicfeiz], clean [kli:n],

regulated ['regjuleitid], generate ['chjenareit], human ['hju:man],

latest [leitist].

СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯ

advantage п — преимущество

appearance п — появление

application п ~ применение,

заявление

completely adv — полностью,

целиком

consumption п — потребление,

расход

cover п — охватить, охватывать,

design V — конструировать,

проектировать

device п — прибор, устройство

double V — удваивать

efficient а — эффективный

generate v — вырабатывать,

производить

imagine v — представлять

себе, воображать

invent V — изобретать

power п — энергия, мощность

property п — свойство

recent а — недавний, последний

reduce v — уменьшать, снижать

replace v -— заменять

set up (set) V — воздвигать,

сооружать

source п — источник

state п — положение, состояние

such as — такой как

transform v — преобразовывать

turn V — поворачиваться, обратиться;

превратить (into)

wide а — широкий

without ргр — без

whole а — весь, целый

in the case of — в случае

to be based on — основываться,

быть основанным на

Text ЗА

Electricity

It is impossible to imagine our civilization without electricity:

economic and social progress will be turned to the past and our

daily lives completely transformed.

Electrical power has become universal. Thousands of applications

of electricity such as lighting, electrochemistry and electrometallurgy

are longstanding and unquestionable.

With the appearance of the electrical motor, power cables replaced

transmission shafts, gear wheels, belts and pulleys^ in the

19-th century workshops. And in the home a whole range of various

time and labour saving appliances^ have become a part of our everyday

lives.

Other devices are based on specific properties of electricity:

electrostatics in the case of photocopying machine and electro magnetism

in the case of radar and television. These applications have

made electricity most widely used.

The first industrial application was in the silver workshops in

Paris. The generator — a new compact source of electricity — was

also developed there. The generator replaced the batteries and

other devices that had been used before.

Electric lighting came into wide use at the end of the last century

with the development of the electric lamp by Thomas Edison.

Then the transformer was invented, the first electric lines and networks

were set up, dynamos and induction motors^ were designed.

Since the beginning of the 20th century the successful development

of electricity has begun throughout the industrial world. The

consumption of electricity has doubled every ten years.

Today consumption of electricity per capita"* is an indicator of

the state of development and economic health of a nation. Electricity

has replaced other sources of energy as it has been realized

that it offers improved service and reduced cost.

One of the greatest advantages of electricity is that it is clean,

easily-regulated and generates no by-products^. Applications of

electricity now cover all fields of human activity from house washing

machines to the latest laser devices. Electricity is the efficient

source of some of the most recent technological advances such as

the laser and electron beams. Truly^ electricity provides mankind

with the energy of the future.

Notes to the Text

1. transmission shafts, gear wheels, belts and pulleys — трансмиссионные

валы, зубчатые колеса, ремни и блоки

2. time and labour saving appliances — электроприборы, экономящие

время и труд

3. induction motors — индукционные моторы

4. per capita — на человека; на душу населения

5. by-products — побочные продукты

6. truly — поистине

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Упражнение 10. Просмотрите текст ЗА и ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is this text about? 2. What industrial applications of

electricity do you know? 3. What home applications of electricity

do you know? 4. Where was the generator developed? 5. Who invented

the electric lamp? 6. Do you know who invented the dynamo?

7. Can you imagine our life without electricity? Why?

Упражнение 11. Определите функции глагола to have, переведите.

1. Electricity has many useful properties: it is clean and generates

no by-products. 2. It has many important applications in industry

as well as in our houses. 3. The latest laser devices have

found application in medicine. 4. Electricity has provided mankind

with the most efficient source of energy. 5. No other source of energy

has been so widely used as electricity. 6. We have many various

electric devices in our houses. 7. Our lives have been completely

transformed with the appearance of electricity. 8. The generator replaced

batteries that had been used before. 9.The consumption of

electricity has doubled every ten years.

Упражнение 12. Найдите подлежащее и сказуемое в предложениях, переведите.

1. That electricity is clean and easily-regulated is its great advantage.

2. The important fact is that electricity offers improved

service at reduced cost. 3. That the two scientists Lodygyn and

Yablochkov were the first in Russia to work in the field of electrical

engineering is well-known. 4. One of the main advantages of electricity

is that it does not pollute the environment. 5. The indicator

of nation development is how much electricity is consumed per capita.

6. What has been and is being done in environment protection

cannot be measured by yesterday's standards.

Упражнение 13. Определите время и залог глагола-сказуемого, переведите

предложения.

A. 1.1 have not cleaned the window yet. I am cleaning it now. I

have cleaned it. 2. But Bob has a different idea. 3, Last year she

passed school leaving exams. 4. We will be studying for our exams

at the end of the term. 5. While we were having supper, all the

lights went out. 6. Will people speak the same language all over the

world? 7. People will land on Mars in the 21st century. 8. I think

cars will be powered by electric batteries in five years' time and

they will not be powered by atomic power in 100 years' time. 9. The

Earth is getting warmer because of the increase of carbon dioxide in

the atmosphere.

B. 1. It is evident that electricity will be the energy of the future.

2. The transformer was invented and the first electric lines

and networks were set up at the end of the 19th century. 3. New

powerful electric stations must be built because it is electricity that

offers improved standards of life and work. 4. A combination of

electric lines and networks are being set up throughout the country.

5. Electric power has become universal 6. Electricity is transmitted

to distant parts of this country by a combination of electric networks.

7. Our power stations have been connected by high voltage

transmission lines into several networks.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ

Упражнение 14. Определите, к какой части речи относятся производные

слова и переведите их.

invent — inventor, inventive, invention;

transform — transformer, transformation;

generate — generator, generation, generative;

pollute — polluter, pollutant, pollution;

effect — effective, effectively;

vary — variety, various;

possible — impossible, possibly, possibility;

complete — completely;

recent — recently;

replace — replacement;

economic -- economical, economically.

Упражнение 15. Найдите:

a) синонимы

application, appliance, latest, power, use, enable, reach, device,

longstanding, make it possible, achieve, energy, transform,

old, turn to, most recent;

б) антонимы

future, unlimited, with, past, necessary, limited, old, unnecessary,

without, present.

Упражнение 16. Поставьте глагол в скобках в соответствующем времени.

My brother (enter) Moscow University (long ago, already, just,

next year, last year, this year, by the end of the month, when I

came to Moscow).

Упражнение 17. Найдите предложения со словами to have, one, that, переведите.

Although the US is a large country with many peoples the language

is almost the same wherever one goes. There are two reasons

for this. One is that people move around a great deal in the US. A

man can grow up in one part of the country, go to college in another

place, find work in another place and marry a girl from still

another part of the country.

The second important factor is public communication. Movies,

radio and television all have standard way of speech. The southern

part of the US is probably the region with the most individual

speech. Southern pronunciation differs from that in the rest of the

country. Southerners talk slowly and often do not pronounce «r» or

a final «g». Another common Southern expression is the unusual

use of the word «evening». In most parts of the country this means

the time after the sun goes down, the early part of the night, but to

a Southerner it can mean any time after twelve o'clock noon. In the

southern mountains there have not been new settlers from other

countries for two hundred years. They have ways of speech that are

like the English spoken centuries ago when the first people came

there from England. Many songs they sing today are those sung

long ago in England.

Упражнение 18. Поставьте глагол to be в соответствующей форме.

Today is...,..., 20...

I... at my English class. I... reading a story about Thomas

A. Edison. I... learning that his laboratories are in Orange, New

Jersey. I... glad to read about such a man as Th.A. Edison. A young

inventor... in Thomas Edison's laboratory. He... looking at an invention

that... in a glass case. It... an electrical invention. The

young inventor's pencil... in his hand. He... drawing the part of

the invention which he came there to study. An Englishman and his

young son... in Edison's laboratory. They... looking at hundreds of

inventions. Many of them... in glass cases. The man and his son...

interested in all Mr. Edison's inventions, they... most interested in

the electrical ones. Many of those... in one room. Several tourists

... in this room, and among them... the Englishman and his son.

The man says to one tourist, «We... interested in electrical ones».

Упражнение 19. Вставьте предлоги to, with, about, at, for, on, in.

This morning father spoke... my brother and me... going to see

our aunt this evening. It is our aunt's birthday. We wanted to surprise

her family. Our mother was going to go... us. We had to be

ready... seven o'clock. We wanted to be... our aunt's house...

seven thirty. We left... my aunt's house... seven... our mother and

father. But the aunt was not... home. Her children had taken her

and the uncle... the theater. We laughed: we had a surprise party,

but it was on us. We left the presents and went... a show ourselves.

We went... Kuskovo yesterday. I went... my mother and father.

We took our lunch... us. We reached Kuskovo... noon. Father

went... a parking station, but it was full. He went to another and

then... another. Every parking station was crowded. Father drove

for a while.... one o'clock he found a place... a car.... two o'clock

our friends came, we sat down... grass and ate our lunch. We didn't

see much because too many people were there... Kuskovo. Next

time we have a day to spend we shall go... some other place.

Упражнение 20. Дайте недостающие формы глаголов, запомните их.

becoming, set up, keep, understand, spoken, showing, built,

left, light.

Упражнение 21. Прочитайте и переведите текст без словаря.

Before Faraday's inventions in the field of electricity and magnetism

the only source of electricity that was used was the galvanic

battery. It made possible some practical applications: the electric

light and electric telegraph. The practical use of electricity on a

larger scale became possible after developing electromagnetic machines,

generators and transformers. It is considered that the development

of the induction motor has become the most important

technical achievement. At first, the induction motor had a constant

and unchangeable speed (скорость). Some years later a motor with

two speeds was designed. Since its invention the induction motor

has been considerably improved and its power increased. But the

principle of operation still remains the same.

CONVERSATION

Exercise 1. Answer the questions.

1. What is electricity? (a source of electric power used in every

day life and industry) 2. What are the sources of electricity? (batteries,

generators, electric motors and many other devices) 3. What

properties of electricity have made it widely used? (electrostatics

and electromagnetism) 4. What are the advantages of electricity?

(clearness, easy regulation, no byproducts, low cost, improved

service) 5. What are home uses of electricity? (lighting, heating,

various time and labour saving appliances, radio, television, video

and many others) 6. What are the latest industrial applications of

electricity? (lasers and electronic devices)

Exercise 2. Make a sentence out of the two parts.

1. Electricity

2. The applications of

electricity in the home and

industry

3. Electricity was used for

the first time

4. The generator, a new

source of electricity

5. Since the beginning of

the 20-th century

6. Today consumption of

electricity

1. have already become universal.

2. has completely transformed our

everyday life.

3. per capita is an indicator of the

state of development of a nation.

4. the wide industrial use of

electricity has begun throughout

the world.

5. was also developed in Paris.

6. for industrial purposes in the

silver workshops in Paris.

Exercise 3. Read and learn.

A Story about Edison

Edison: Oh, Ben, I'm glad to see you. How are you?

Wilson: Fine, and how are you?

Ed.: So-so. A lot of work to do. Just today I've begun some important

work. Oh, excuse me, meet my assistant John Smith.

John, this is my old friend from my home town, Ben Wilson.

Smith: How do you do, Mr.Wilson?

W: How do you do, Mr.Smith? Glad to meet you.

Ed.: Will you come to my laboratory and have dinner with John

and me tonight?

W.: Yes, I will.

Ed.: Come at six tonight, will you?

W.: ГЦ certainly come.

At six o'clock at the laboratory.

W.: Good evening, Tom. Good evening Mr. Smith.

S.: Good evening, Tom. Good evening Mr. Wilson. Mr. Edison

is experimenting with a microscope. All his interest is there.

Would you mind walking around for a while looking at Mr.

Edison's inventions.

W.: With pleasure.

S.: In a few minutes dinner will be brought. We usually eat our

dinner here. Don't you mind?

W.: Certainly not.

S.: The dinner is ready. Let Mr. Edison know you are here.

W.: Shall we eat; Tom? But he doesn't answer.

S.: He is busy working with his microscope.

W.: But I am quite hungry. Tom, the food looks good, and it is

getting cold.

S.: You see, Mr.Edison never stops working for a second till he

is satisfied with what he is doing.

W.: Then let's sit down and eat.

Two hours later Mr.Wilson and Smith finished eating and left the laboratory.

Ed. (entering the laboratory):

Oh, I am hungry. If those dishes were not empty, I'd say I've

had no dinner tonight.

Exercise 4. Speak about:

1. Electricity — its nature, history and development.

2. Applications of electricity cover all fields of human activity.

Use exercises 1, 2, as well as the following words and word combinations for

your topic:

it is difQcult to imagine; applications such as; completely; to replace; to come

into wide use; to double every ten years; to be an indicator; the latest technological

advances.

Exercise 5. Read and smile.

A young doctor, the son of a well-known professor of medicine,

proudly (c гордостью) told his father one day: «Imagine, dad! I've

cured (вылечить) that lady that has been your patient for ten years».

«She deserved (заслужить) it. It was she who had paid for your

studies», his father replied.

«Where did the car hit him?», asked the coroner (следователь).

«At the junction (стык, перекресток) of the dorsal and cervial vertebrae

(спинных и шейных позвонков)», answered the doctor. A

big man rose from his seat. «Listen, I've lived in these parts for fifty

years», he protested, «and I've never heard of this place».

Text 3B

Прочитайте текст. Ответьте на вопрос, почему Эдисон сказал: «Don't

watch the clock».

A Great Citizen of the World

Every day many people visited Thomas A.Edison's laboratories

in Orange, New Jersey. Some of them were young inventors who

went to study, but many more of them were tourists. They came

from all parts of the US and from other countries as well.

One day a very important citizen from England visited Edison's

factories, taking with him his young son,eight years old. They spent

many hours in great workshops, looking at hundreds of useful inventions.

Before leaving the laboratories the man went to the office of the

main building. Giving his card to the person in charge, he asked:

«May I speak to Mr.Edison, please?». The man looked at the card

and then answered: «Wait a minute, I'll see». Soon he returned and

said: «Come this way, please. Mr.Edison will see you».

The father and his son went into the great inventor's workroom.

«Mr.Edison», said the Englishman, «I brought my young son here

to see what the world's greatest citizen has done. I want this day to

help him all his life. Will you please shake hands with him and say

something that he will remember?»

Mr. Edison took the boy's hand. He laid his other hand on the

child's shoulder and looked into his eyes. «My boy», he said, «don't

watch the clock».

In 1928 Mr. Edison was eighty-one years old, but he still

worked sixteen hours a day.

Text 3C

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