Revision of lessons 4-6

Музее.

Зал Библиотеки Британского музея и какие отделы имеются в Британском

Прочитайте текст. Расскажите по-английски, чем примечателен читальный

The British Museum

The British Museum consisting of the National Museum of Archeology

and Ethnography and the National Library is the largest

and richest of its kind in the world. Built in the middle of the last

century it is situated in central London which consists of quiet

squares and streets.

The British Museum was founded by Act of Parliament in 1753

to bring together the collection of Sir Robert Cotton, some others

and future addition to them.

Anthony Panizzi designed the famous circular Reading Room

at the British Museum. The first thing that strikes a visitor on entering

the Reading Room is its unusual shape. It is a perfect circle.

The superintendent (управляющий) and his assistant sit in the

centre of the room and they issue (выдавать) and collect books.

Long rows of reading desks radiate to the outer walls, like the

spokes (спицы) of the wheel.

Many famous people have used the Reading Room at the British

Museum. Of the many distinguished people who have used the

Reading Room no one was perhaps more regular and more intent

(целеустремленный) than the German philosopher and socialist

Karl Marx. Soon after he arrived in England in 1849, Marx became

a daily visitor of the Reading Room, where he used to remain from

nine in the morning till closing time.

The British Museum has a department of ethnography. Ethnography

is concerned with primitive people and their cultures in various

stages of development as revealed by their tools, ritual objects

and various crafts (ремесло). This collection is so vast that only a

tiny percentage is on show to the general public. Then there is a department

of prints and drawings. There are also departments devoted

to maps, coins and medals. Visitors interested in chronology can see

a large collection of clocks and watches. Those who are interested in

philately can find a magnificent collection of postage stamps.

ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

Упражнение 1. A. Прочитайте следующие выражения из текста 6А и постарайтесь

догадаться о значении выделенных слов и словосочетаний.

1. this label «Made in Space»

2. in the not so distant future

3. with peculiar magnetic properties

4. prolonged weightlessness

5. The Archimedes principal is no longer valid

6. the theoretical basis for space industry

7. on board these vehicles; on board orbital station

8. preparatory work for industrial production in space

9. replace the specimens

B. Подберите к каждому выделенному в А слову соответствующее ему по

значению.

a. well based, correct, effective

b. needed for preparing; introductory

с continuing for a long time

d. foundation

e. in a ship

f. not so far away in time

g. special, particular

h. piece of paper, metal or other material used to describe what

smth. is, where it is to go, etc.

i. one as an example of a class

Упражнение 2. A. Прочитайте текст и постарайтесь догадаться о значении

терминов shape memory alloy, suggest, remember, piston, contract, expand,

engine.

Shape memory alloys (SMA) are in general usage today. What

exactly is a SMA? As the name suggests, this alloy can remember its

original shape or form. Essentially it is a metal which can be deformed

when cold and will return to its first shape when hot.

The particular alloy we are speaking about is nickel titanium.

We can see here one application in a conventional piston. When

the piston is cold, the SMA coil or spring contracts and so the piston

does not move. Heat causes it to expand and consequently the

piston moves up. The advantage is that the device can work without

any mechanical power, just from the heat which is supplied by the

engine itself.

B. Найдите в приведенном выше тексте 5 пар синонимов и 3 пары антонимов.

Упражнение 3. Замените выделенные словосочетания соответствующими

глаголами expand, remember, contract, suggest, deform.

The name SMA causes us to think that such an alloy can keep

in memory its original shape. In other words it can change its shape.

When cold it gets smaller. When hot it gets bigger.

Упражнение 4. Составьте возможные словосочетания из глаголов в колонке

А и существительных из колонки В, переведите их и запомните.

1. make

2. meet

3. obtain/provide

4. lay

5. state

6. find

7. develop

8. send/transmit/receive

9. have

10. perform

11. watch

В

a. the basis, foundation

b. application, a way

с an operation

d. an advantage over, influence on

e. data, results, access to

f. information, a message, signal

g. an experiment, a TV program

h. a law

i. a decision, mistake, calculation

j. equipment, a device, design, system

k. requirements

Упражнение 5. Составьте, переведите и запомните словосочетания с глаголом

to be.

famous for, of great importance, in general (common) use

(usage), of great help, interested in.

Упражнение 6. Заполните таблицы на словообразование.

Noun

use

thought

care

Adjective

thoughtful

Opposite Adjective

hopeless

Adjective

hard

tough

useful

hopeful

careless

Noun

toughness

uselessness

hopelessness

carefulness

...

Noun,

Adjective

journal

science

economy

active

chemistry

...

Noun

metallurgist

humanist

physicist

Упражнение 7. A. Назовите 10—15 ключевых слов и словосочетаний на

тему «Advanced materials».

В. Speak about:

А new alloy or advanced composite material you have recently

read or heard about, its properties and possible uses.

Упражнение 1. Повторите способы выражения определения. Найдите

определения и переведите предложения.

A. 1. This is an excellent computer which will give you many

years of service. 2. The number of men present was small. 3. Personal

laser printers cost less than ordinary laser printer. They also

weigh less and require less space. 4. Do you know the total number

of colours available on this graphics system? 5. Supercomputers capable

of performing billions of operations a second will have to be

developed soon. 6. Ten miles is a long distance to walk. 7. Any mechanic

could do that job. 8. Digital television has many features

that are absent from conventional TV, such as easy connection to

computers and telecommunication networks. 9. E-mail is a very

fast data communication service. For e-mail to get a message to the

other side of the world is a matter of a second or two. 10. The factory

has computer controlled production equipment.

B. 1. Tell me about the report you are preparing now. 2. A new

radio set Ted has is a Zenith. 3, Ten hours of work a day is the

maximum you should do. 4. Do you know about the disco the University

is organising? 5. The news we have heard this week is of

great importance. 6. You have been given all the information you

need. 7. I collected all the information I could find on the Internet

about this subject. 8. With the new system you will be able to generate

statistics any time you want. 9. Writing letters and reports are

the purposes most people use computers for. 10. Composite materials

we learnt about are the combination of metals, ceramics,

glasses and polymers produced without chemical reactions. 11.

Weightlessness the production of new materials depend on cannot

be created on the earth for a long period of time. 12. The TV sets

people saw at the New York Fair in 1939 were not available for a

long time because of World War II. 13. Metals, ceramics, glasses,

polymers composite materials consist of have properties different

from those of the obtained composite material.

Упражнение 2. Прочитайте и переведите тексты, обращая внимание на

проработанную грамматику и лексику 4, 5, 6 уроков.

The Monitor

We interact with computers by entering instructions and data

into them. After the information has been processed (обрабаты-

вать), we can see the results (i.e. the output) on the visual display

unit (VDU — устройство виртуального отображения) or the

monitor. In this interactive process with the computer, the screen

plays an important part.

The pictures and the characters (символы) we see on the

screen are made up of picture elements which are also called pixels.

The total number of pixels the display is divided in (both horizontally

and vertically) is known as resolution. When the number of

pixels is very large, we obtain a high resolution display and therefore

a sharp image. If the number of pixels is small, a low resolution

is obtained. Thus, pixel density or resolution affects the quality of

the image: a larger number of pixels gives a much clearer image.

The cathode ray tube of the monitor is very similar to that of a

TV set. Inside the tube there is an electron beam which scans the

screen and turns on or off the pixels that make up the image. The

beam appears in the top left corner, and scans the screen from left

to right in a continuous sequence, similar to the movement of our

eyes when we read, but much faster. This sequence is repeated 50,

60 or 75 times per second, depending on the system.

In a colour monitor, the screen surface is coated (покрывать)

with substances called phosphors. Three different phosphor materials

are used — one each for red, green and blue. A beam of electrons

causes phosphor materials to give coloured light from which

the picture is formed. Colour monitors are capable to display many

different colours at the same time.

Portable computers use a flat liquid-crystal display (LCD) instead

of a picture tube.

Super Phones

Not long ago it became known that cell phone manufacturers

were experimenting with several different designs for the handheld

devices that would be linked to the advanced wireless networks of

the future. If these machines really are to become digital companions,

they will have to be versatile, adaptable and fashionable (модный).

Companies such as Nokia, Ericsson and Motorola are

working on the third-generation «super phone» that will look quite

different from existing cell phones. In fact, calling them phones

seems absurd (неразумный). They will have built-in colour

screens several inches square for presentation of high resolution

graphics and video. Some may have a keyboard and a miniature

mouse for data input, but most of them will use touch-sensitive

(сенсорный) screens and styluses (перо, пишущий узел) like

those employed now by the handheld computers.

In addition to carrying voice communication, the super phone

will also be able to play music files that are circulating on the Web

in the most popular MP3 format (or in whatever format may replace

it).

Упражнение 3. Объясните значение следующих словосочетаний.

Например: material properties — the properties of a material;

colour monitor — a monitor that works in colour;

company's database — the database which belongs to the company.

1. light beams

2. pixel number, pixel density

3. eye movements

4. director's computer

5. printing device

6. new generation computer

7. pocket-sized computer

8. handheld phones

9. high resolution display

10. high speed electronic circuits

11. computer controlled production equipment

Упражнение 4. Подберите к словам из колонки А их объяснение из колонки

В.

А В

1. pixel а. the maximum number of pixels in the horizontal

and vertical directions of the screen

2. monitor b. the results produced by a computer

3. resolution с the smallest element of a display surface

4. character d. read the image as a series of pixels to enter information

into the computer's memory

5. computer e. the picture tube of the display which is made of

glass and contains a vacuum

6. CRT f. a CRT device which displays the computer output

7. image g. a symbol available on the keyboard

8. scan h. the machine that stores and processes data

9. output i. a picture or what is seen on a television or computer

screen

Упражнение 5. А. Заполните пропуски словами:

pixel certain Web stylus chip perform CPU mouse

1. A... is a tiny piece of silicon containing a set of integrated

circuits. 2. The... directs and coordinates the operations taking

place within the computer system. 3. The arithmetic logic units...

calculations on the data. 4. The common name for picture elements

is.... 5. On colour systems, each pixel is a... combination of

the three primary colours: red, green, and blue. 6.... is a system by

which one can navigate through the Internet and find news, pictures,

virtual museums, electronic magazines — any topic you can

imagine. 7. What makes the... especially useful is that it is a very

quick way to move around on a screen. 8. A... is a pen-like input

device used to write directly on the screen to enter data.

B. Speak about:

The next generation mobile phones.

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