Melt identify beams vaporize displays

Communication

Treatment distance

Light

Heat

Off-the-shelf

Item

Payload

Relay

Sustain

Approach

a. coming near to

b. approximation, a way to solve a problem

с way, path, road

a. enable to keep up, maintain

b. suffer, undergo

с keep from falling

a. supply of fresh horses to take the place of tired ones

b. device which receives signals and transmits them with greater

strength, thus increasing the distance over which they are

carried

с place from which radio programs are broadcast after being

received from another station

a. passengers and cargo, but not fuel

b. bomb in a missile

с crew and instruments of a spaceship

a. each single thing, part or object in a list

b. detail or paragraph (of news)

с number of a program

a. commercially available

b. ready to use

с possible or likely

Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски словами.

А.

capacity as well laser infonnation light existing advantage space

doubt amplified cost conventional

Optical fibres are made of glass and use (1)... (usually from a

(2)...) to transmit messages. There is no (3)... optical fibre systems

have enormous (4)... over (5)... transmission systems. They

have a much higher (6)... than copper wires, can carry much more

(7)... and have a potentially lower material (8)... Besides, optical

fibres occupy far less (9)... The quality of transmission is high (10)

... The signal does not need to be (11)... as often as with (12)... cables.

Optical fibres do not suffer from interference.

Nowadays, lasers are used to (1)... targets in military uses. In

engineering, powerful laser (2)... can be focused on a small area.

They can (3)..., (4)..., or (5)... material in a very precise way. Lasers

are ideal for (6)... in space. Laser light can travel long (7)...

without losing signal strength. In medicine, laser beams can be

used for the (8)... of damaged tissue (ткань) in a fraction of a second

without causing harm (вреда) to healthy tissue. In the arts, lasers

can provide fantastic displays of (9)... Pop concerts are often

accompanied by laser (10)...

Упражнение 4. Составьте возможные словосочетания глаголов из колонки

А и существительных из колонки В.

1. come to

2. overcome / encounter

3. record / store / carry

4. realize

5. place

В

a. information, data, sound

b. into orbit

с a project

d. reality

e. difficulties, differences

Упражнение 5. Заполните таблицу на словообразование.

Verb

identify

amplify

—

treat

Noun

idealization

variety

precision

Adjective

vaporous

strong

limitless

—

Упражнение _______6. A. Назовите 15—20 ключевых слов и словосочетаний на

тему: «Laser applications».

В. Speak about:

Laser as a means of propulsion.

LESSON 11

Сложное подлежащее и сложное дополнение

Значение слов either, neither и их сочетаний

Text ПА. Superconductivity

Text 11В.

Text ПС. New Hope for Energy

Text 11D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology

ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения со сложным дополнением.

1. We know Morse to have been a painter by profession. 2. Scientists

expect lasers to solve the problem of controlled thermonuclear

reaction. 3. M. Faraday supposed a beam of light to reverse its

polarization as it passed through a magnetized crystal. 4. Designers

expect dirigibles to be used for exploration of new territories.

5. Japanese designers believe a new ceramic engine to replace the

conventional one. 6 Engineers suppose a new «night vision» system

to enable drivers to see better after dark. 7. Scientists believe new

laser devices to be widely used in medicine. 8. We know the first

digital optical disks to have been produced as disks for music.

9. They believed him to be capable.

Упражнение 2. Найдите инфинитив в предложениях, переведите.

А. 1. Hundreds of radio navigation stations watch the airplanes

find their destination and land safely. 2. Twice a year people see

birds fly south and north, but we don't know how they find their

way. 3. At the Paris Exhibition people watched the cargo airplane

«Ruslan» carry a great amount of cargo. 4. When you stand near a

working engine you feel it vibrate. 5. Making experiments with

electric telegraph Morse noticed a pencil make a wavy line when

connected to an electric wire. 6. Nowadays people watch on television

cosmonauts work in space, «Lunokhod» move on the surface

of the Moon and Olympic games take place on the other side of the

globe.

B. L A force applied to a body causes it to move in a straight

line. 2. The unsatisfactory results of Bell's experiments forced him

to change the method of testing. 3. The excellent properties of Damascus

steel made metallurgists of the whole world look for the lost

secret of the steel. 4. Very high temperatures often cause certain

materials to break. 5. Bad weather conditions make pilots switch

over to automatic control.

Упражнение 3. Обратите внимание на инфинитивный оборот, состоящий

из предлога for, дополнения и инфинитива.

L It was the only thing for us to do. 2. The students were waiting

for the lecturer to describe the properties of a new composite

material. 3. It is for you to decide which of the two methods to use.

4. It is necessary for the students to know the properties of various

alloys. 5. A system of satellites is provided for people to watch the

central TV program.

Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения со сложным подлежащим.

A. 1. Students of Cambridge are supposed to wear gowns at lectures.

2. The first pocket-size colour television sets were reported to

have been developed. 3. Today's aircraft is expected to be replaced

by a new model of hypersonic aircraft in a few years. 4. Intensive

research on optical-electronic computer is said to be going on in a

number of US companies. 5. A method for recording information

on crystal by means of a laser is known to have been developed by a

Russian researcher. 6. The annual output of personal computers is

expected to reach millions in the near future. 7. The laser is known

to be a device producing an intensive beam of light by amplifying

radiation. 8. Optical technology has been found to be cost-effective.

9. The optical equivalent of a transistor is reported to have

been produced.

B. 1. Our present-day life seems to be quite impossible without

telephone, radio, and television. 2. Nowadays the principle of radio

operation seems to be quite simple. 3. The term «radar» is known to

be composed of the first letters of «radio, detection and ranging». It

happens to reflect its basic principle, that is, the location of an object

at a distance. 4. About 50 per cent of Lake Baikal water proved

to have been polluted since the Baikal plant has begun its work.

5. Lasers appeared to be highly useful for solving the problem of

controlled thermonuclear reaction and communication. 6. A system

of Earth satellites appears to have solved the problem of transmitting

the central TV program to any part of the world.

7. Electricity proved to be able to travel instantly over a long piece

of wire.

C. 1. Dirigibles are likely to be used for taking tourists to distant

and beautiful places. 2. Lasers are unlikely to be used in our everyday

life soon. 3. Superconductivity is certain to bring about new

discoveries in science and technology.

Упражнение 5. Прочитайте, запомните выделенные слова.

А.: Do you know what the words either and neither mean?

В.: Yes, I do. Either means каждый, любой, любой из двух, while

neither stands for ни один, ни один (из).

А.: That's correct. Can you give examples?

В.: Yes I can. For example: There is a number of lecture rooms on

either side of the corridor. Which of these dictionaries can be

used for translating a technical article? You may use either.

A.: And in what way is either translated when it is used with or? For

instance: «Please, bring some dictionaries either from the library

or from the reading room.»

В.: Either... or... means либо... либо, или... или.

А.: Now let us speak about neither, it is the negative form of either,

meaning ни тот... ни другой. For instance: I was offered two

books, but I took neither of them, as I did not like them.

В.: And neither connected with nor means ни... ни, for example:

These problems seemed difficult neither to my friend, nor to me.

A.: Are these words used in any other way?

В.: Yes, they may be used in short negative sentences such as: «I

don't like this book», said Peter. «Neither do I», said Ann, which

means мне тоже (не нравится). I shall not go to the library tomorrow.

He won't go either. Он тоже (не пойдет).

Упражнение 6. Переведите, обращая внимание на разные значения слов

тоге и much.

1. One more present-day complicated problem to be solved is

that of combining laser and thermonuclear reaction to produce a

practically limitless source of energy. 2. A Japanese company is

planning to install several more electronic devices on the car instrument

panel. 3. The Voice Warning System is one more electronic

device. 4. If you make half-hour breaks while getting ready

for your exams, your brain will work much more efficiently.

5. Aerodynamics is one more problem to be taken into consideration

when designing a hypersonic craft. 6. The wheel-computerized

system is much more efficient than those used previously.

7. Cryogenic fuels used both as coolant and propellant make the solution

of the superliner surface cooling problem much easier to

solve. 8. The fact that dirigibles are much larger in size and their

staying power is much longer than those of an aircraft makes them

ideally suited for exploration.

Упражнение 7. Найдите русские эквиваленты для словосочетаний.

the physics discoveries, discoveries that led to, the scientific advantage,

advantage could well come to nation, to bring the mankind

to, mercury wire, unexpected phenomenon, to return to

normal state, by passing electric current, by applying magnetic

field, to make a great contribution, they introduced a model, a

model proved to be useful, a theory won for them the Nobel Prize,

research in superconductivity, research became especially active,

the achieved record of 23 K.

исследования особенно активизировались; исследования в

области сверхпроводимости; теория, за которую они получили

Нобелевскую премию; привести человечество к...; преимущество

в науке; открытия в области физики; достигнутая

рекордная отметка в 23 К; открытия, которые привели к...;

преимущество могла бы получить нация (страна); ртутная

проволока; вернуться в обычное состояние; пропуская электрический

ток; внести большой вклад; неожиданное явление;

они предложили (ввели) модель; прикладывая магнитное поле;

модель оказалась эффективной.

Упражнение 8. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова.

prestige [pres'ti:3], nation ['neijan], Nobel prize [neu'bel

praiz], absolute zero ['aebs9lu:t 'ziereu], phenomenon

[fi'nominen], normal, magnetic, electromagnetic, theory ['Gieri],

theorists ['Gierists], fundamental theory, physics, physicist, model

['modi], metallic [mi'taelik], ceramic [si'raemik], colleagues

['koli:gz], laboratory, critical temperature, fabricate, extremely

[iks'tri.mli], process ['prauses].

Упражнение 9. Прочитайте и запомните произношение слов:

latest ['leitist], spectacular [spek'taekjule], breakthrough

['breik'Gru:], compare [кэт'реэ], award [9'wo:d], research

[ri'se:^], mercury ['me:kjuri], wire ['waia], below [bileu], 5 °C

['faiv di'gri:z 'sentigreid], completely [kem'pli:tli], return

[Г1Чэ:п], either ['aiSe], finally ['faineli], Zurich ['zju9rik], previously

['pri:vjasli], throughout [9ru:'aut], liquid ['likwid], nitrogen

['naitrec^an], lose [lu:z], moreover [mo:'r9uv9], lack [laek].

СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯ

achievement п — достижение

below adv — ниже, внизу

benefit п ~ выгода, польза

boil V — кипеть

continue V — продолжать

cool V — охлаждать

current п — электрический

ток

discover v — открывать, обнаруживать

finally adv — наконец

introduce v — вводить

lack V — нуждаться

likely adv — вероятно

lose V — терять

master v ~ овладевать

moreover adv — более того

pass V — пропускать

present V — представлять

previously adv — ранее, предварительно

prominent a — выдающийся,

известный

random a — беспорядочный,

случайный

resistivity n — удельное сопротивление

return V — возвращаться

satisfactory a — приемлемый,

удовлетворительный

suddenly adv — вдруг, внезапно

sufficiently adv — достаточно

tend V — стремиться, иметь

тенденцию

wire n — провод

at once — сразу, немедленно

Text llA

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