Strict rules of procedure usually associated with court proceedings

Resolved in an informal atmosphere, avoiding as far as possible the

Of arbitration is to enable people to have small disputes

Is likely to be someone with expertise in the area. The purpose

And invest the arbitrator with the power to decide the issue. The arbitrator

To place their dispute in the hands of an independent third party

And agreed between parties involved. Here the parties agree

In contrast, arbitration is a private means of adjudication, arranged

Least important element in the court system of England.

The ordinary citizens they are the most important courts in the

Its own limited jurisdiction over a particular type of claim. Many

To do the job. There are numerous types of tribunals, each with

Slow and costly. Hence, the legislation has established a tribunal

But the ordinary courts lack the necessary expertise or are too formal,

The disputes in these areas might be settled by ordinary courts

Housing and social security benefits.

Out of social legislation which regulates such areas as employment,

Tribunals were established to adjudicate on disputes arising

Two main forms of extra-court adjudication are tribunals and arbitration.

Adjudication increasingly takes place outside the court system. The

Of the original court.

Courts to which a person may go for a reconsideration of the decision

First instance. Appellate courts (or Appeal Courts) are civil or crime

The court in which a case is first heard is called the court of

Courts. At the top of the hierarchy is a supreme law-making body.

The decisions of a higher court are binding upon lower

Treated in a lower court can appeal to a higher court for reassessment.

The other is so that a person who feels his case was not fairly

Particular court can specialize in a particular kind of legal action.

Are two main reasons for having a variety of courts. One is that a

Make decisions is strictly defined in relation to the courts. There

А hierarchy of courts. The role of each court and its capacity to

Abolishing and applying the law. Usually these take the form of

In all legal systems there are institutions for creating, modifying,

Judicial Institutions (Courts)

Текст.

Text 4

Какие судебные институты исполняют закон? Прочитайте и переведите

The formal courts are not the only means of solving disputes;

tribunals have expert assessors^ sitting along a legally experienced

chairman to make up the judging paneP. From the point of view of

country but from the point of view of lawyers they are perhaps the

Дата добавления: 2014-12-27