Vocabulary and Grammar Consolidation Exercises. Ex. 17. A) Rearrange the sentences to make a summery of the text

Ex. 17. A) Rearrange the sentences to make a summery of the text.

B) Make a summary of the text calling to mind the key sentences (ex.17A).

Ex. 18. Find in the text verbs corresponding to the following words and translate them into Russian:

dependent, serviceable, appearance, useful, binding, protection, dis­covery, filling, development, cement, hard, construction

Ex. 19. Transform the suggested nouns (A) and adjectives (C) into verbs, removing or adding suffixes or prefixes, if necessary. Make changes where necessary. Consult the dictionary in case you are not sure.

A	B	C	D
connection	connect	large	enlarge
absorption		initial
reinforcement		obtainable
revolution		cementitious
advantage		partial
admixture		desirerable
foundation		compressive
accelerator		satisfactory
plasticizer		solid
workability		decorative
corrosion		various
hardness		careful
permeability		resistant
application		strong
production		suitable

Ex. 20. Complete the following sentences paying attention to the verbs.

1. Concrete solidifies and hardens after mixing and placement. 2. The durability of concrete may be defined as the ability of concrete to resist weathering action, chemical attack, and abrasion. 3. Concrete also easily corrodes when exposed to seawater. 4. The type of materials available locally will vary depending upon the conditions in the area of the building site. 5. In the most general sense of the word, ‘cement’ is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together. 6. Clinker is mixed with gypsum and ground to a fine powder to make cement. 7. Civil engineers select the type of cement that will obtain the best performance from the concrete. 8. The coarse cement tends to produce pastes with higher porosity than that produced by finer cement. 9. Tooled joints offer the best weather protection because the tooling smoothes and compresses the joint. 10. The net effect in a properly designed prestressed structural element is a stress condition that satisfies the stress limits in the concrete for both compression and tension. 11. Natural stone absorbs the heat radiated by the sun and prevents unwanted heating up of the building. 12. However, as technology advances, concrete has not remained the final choice for building. 13. An alternative is to strengthen the wall but this is rarely economic. 14. In areas with a high water table the sulphates can dissolve in the ground water and permeate the concrete. 15. The brickwork provides a surface which is relatively easy to decorate.

Ex. 21. In descriptions we have to use many different adjectives. Find in the text adjectives with suffixes -al; -ic; -ive; -able; -ent/-ant, -ous (and some others).

-al	-ic	-ive	-able	-ent/-ant	-ous

Ex. 22. There are few suffixes to form adverbs. The most productive is - ly (to form adverbs from adjectives), e.g.: quick ‘быстрый’ – quickly ‘быстро’. Call to mind as many such pairs as possible

A) Find in the texts 1 and 2 and give examples of adverbs derived from adjectives (there are more than 10 of them). Translate them in the sentences.

B) Which of the adjectives you inserted into the table in ex. 21 can acquire suffix - ly?

Ex. 23. Read the text and choose the right form of the adjective or adverb to suit the grammatical structure of the sentence and the context.

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