Vocabulary to memorise. Unit 6. Wood and wood-based materials

UNIT 6. WOOD AND WOOD-BASED MATERIALS

Discussions

Cement Alternatives

There are alternatives materials that can supplement clinker without compromising the performance of cement as a construction material. These materials have inherent cementitious qualities and are classified into two types: mineral additions and supplementary cementitious materials. The advantage of using these alternatives to clinker is that it reduces the amount of clinker produced, with consequent savings in raw materials, electricity, fuel, and emissions. Cements using these materials are called blended cements.

Mineral additions such as ground limestone can be added in small amounts at the final grinding stage of cement manufacturing.

Supplementary cementitious materials include fly ash (from coal-burning power stations), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (from the steel industry) and silica fume. The use of SCMs reduces the quantity of clinker or cement required. They are added to cement either through intergrinding with cement clinker or by blending with cement after grinding; or can be added during concrete batching to supplement the cement. Because of differences in chemistry, SCMs affect the performance of cement in concrete to suit different applications.

The use of SCMs allows the industry to maintain the performance expected of cement while reducing the amount of clinker required in cement. As a result, this reduces the emissions of greenhouse gases, a key measure in the industry of environmental performance

b) Read the text again and make a list of additional topical vocabulary (10 to 15 words and word-combinations). Consult a dictionary to finalise the choice of the Russian equivalents. Memorise the new vocabulary.

1. Why is China the biggest consumer of concrete, do you think?

2. Is it possible to construct reliable buildings without cement and concrete?

3. Building a country house what type of concrete will you need? How much of it will you use?

4. Are residential buidings from concrete blocks practical and healthy? Are they good in our climate?

Knowledge and timber shouldn't be much used till they are seasoned.

Oliver Wendell Holmes

1. fibrous [‘faibrəs] - волокнистый, жилистый, фиброзный

2. lumber [‘lʌmbə] амер. - пиломатериалы; строевой лес, брёвна

3. timber [‘timbə] брит. - лесоматериалы; строевой лес; древесина

4. board [bɔ:d] - доска; планка

5. plank [plæɳk] - брус; толстая доска; планка

6. bending - изгибание, сгибание; изгиб, кривизна

7. log - бревно; кряж; лесоматериал, годный для распиловки

8. bark [ba:k] - кора (дерева)

9. personal ['pə:snl] wood-lot - частный лесной участок

10. harvest ['ha:vist] trees - заготавливать древесину

11. mechanizing ['mekənaiziɳ] saw - бензо-/электропила

12. dimensional lumber - мерный пиломатериал; пиломатериалы стандартных размеров

13. felling ['feliɳ] - рубка, вал а (леса)

14. wood pulp [wudpʌlp] - древесная масса; целлюлоза

15. pulpwood [pʌlpwud] - балансы, балансовая древесина

16. rough [rʌf] lumber - нестроганый пиломатериал

17. finished ['fini∫t] lumber - готовый, отделанный, обработанный пиломатериал

18. furniture-making ['fə:nit∫ə] - изготовление мебели

19. cutting ['kʌtiɳ] - резание, обработка резанием; резка

20. shaping ['∫eipiɳ] - придание формы; формирование, фасонирование

21. hardwood ['ha:dwud] - твёрдая древесина; древесина лиственных пород

22. softwood ['sɔftwud] - мягкая древесина; хвойная древесина

23. coniferous [kəu'nifərəs] - хвойный, шишконосный

24. high-grade flooring - высокосортные половые доски; высококачественный настил пола;

25. timber-framed construction – деревянная рамная конструкция, деревянное каркасное строительство

26. supporting material - подпорный материал; вспомогательный, дополнительный материал

27. interior [in'tiəriə] doors - внутренние двери

28. door frame - дверная коробка

29. exterior [eks'tiəriə] cladding - наружная обшивка стен; облицовка (стен)

30. sawn [sɔ:n] planks - обработанный брус (толстая доска)

31. shuttering material - опалубка

32. break down (broke, broken) - измельчать

33. chips [t∫ip] - щепа, крошка, стружка

34. cellulose ['seljuləus] - клетчатка; целлюлоза

35. chipboard ['t∫ipbɔ:d] - древесно-стружечная плита, ДСП

36. engineered wood – композитные материалы на основе древесины; инженерные деревянные элементы;

37. hardboard - твёрдая - древесно-волокнистая плита; сверхтвердая древесно-волокнистая плита; твёрдый картон

38. fiberboard [‘faibəbɔ:d] - древесно-волокнистая плита

39. medium-density fiberboard (MDF) - древесно-волокнистая плита средней плотности

40. oriented ['ɔ:rientid] strand board (OSB) - ориентированно-стружечная плита; структурно-ориентированная плита

41. wood derivatives [di'rivətiv] - производные, вторичные древесные материалы

42. laminate flooring – ламинированные напольные покрытия

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