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The Present Indefinite
§ 9. The Present Indefinite is formed from the plain stem of In writing the following spelling rules should be observed: a) Verbs ending in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -tch, x and -z take the suffix b) Verbs ending in -y with a preceding consonant change the -y У is preceded by a vowel, the suffix -s is added (e.g. play — plays, The affirmative form of the Present Indefinite is a synthetic work. He does not work, etc.). In spoken English the contracted The Present Indefinite may have a special affirmative form § 10. The Present Indefinite is used in the following cases: a) We find recurrent actions with terminative verbs. They are, This use of the Present Indefinite is often associated with such e.g. He wakes up around six o'clock and has a cup of coffee. girl beside her. b) We find permanent actions with durative verbs. They gener- e.g. Her son works near here and so, after her husband's death, she came down to live here and he boards with her. doesn't walk, he runs. I teach English and History at a college, and I live with my I hate authority. It spoils the relations between parent and child. As is seen from the above examples, the difference between e.g. I always talk too much when I'm nervous. I sometimes play the piano for five hours a day. Note. The Present Indefinite is often said to express a general statement or a e.g. Domestic animals return to their homes. 2) When it is used to express a succession of point actions tak- e.g. a) In stage directions: REV. S. Good night. (They shake hands. As he passes Vivie he shakes hands with her also and bids her good-night. Then, in booming command, to Frank) Come along, Sir, at once. panda, who returns home after her stay in the Moscow Zoo): Chi-Chi climbs on the rock. The crowd moves closer to Chi-Chi." с) In demonstrations: Now I peel the apples, slice them and put into the dish. 3) The Present Indefinite is sometimes used to express a single a) The use of the Present Indefinite becomes obligatory with e.g. I quite understand what you mean. She sipped her coffee and pulled a face. "It tastes horrible tonight." He wants to see you for a minute. b) The Present Indefinite is also used for an instantaneous ac- e.g. "I repeat, the girl has been extremely impertinent," he said. I refuse to listen to you. You talk such nonsense. "I choose the kitchen then." Maurice shouted in his turn. This use of the Present Indefinite is also often found in ex- e.g. My dear, how you throw about your money! Ah, how he kicks! Has he splashed you?" 4) The Present Indefinite may be used to express future ac- a) Its use is structurally dependent (see "Verbs", §8), i.e. Clauses of time referring to the future may be introduced by e.g. Will you wait while I look through the manuscript? Clauses of condition are introduced by the conjunctions if, un- e.g. If you send me a line to my club, it'll be forwarded at once. Note. In clauses other than those of time and condition, the Future Indefinite e.g. I wonder if the tape recorder will eventually replace the record player. Clauses of concession are introduced by the conjunctions even e.g. Even if he hates me I shall never do him any harm. b) Its use is lexically dependent in object clauses after to see e.g. I'll see that the lady is properly looked after. Her husband will look after her, and make sure no harm comes to her. He will take care that no one interferes with them. c) The use of the Present Indefinite with reference to the im- e.g. What do we do next? ('Что будем сейчас делать?') You look ill. Why don't you go home? ("Ты плохо выгля- d) The Present Indefinite may be used to indicate a future ac- e.g. "Is Mr Desert in?" "No, Sir. Mr Desert has just started for the Our tourist group sleep at the Globo hotel this night and start for "Can you tell me what time the game starts today, please?" When does Ted return from his honeymoon? {according to his You see, in six weeks his regiment goes back to the front, (ac- Note. It should be noted that this use of the Present Indefinite is not inter- 5) The Present Indefinite is used in literary style to describe a e.g. She arrives full of life and spirit. And about a quarter of an
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