Parenthetical References and Reference Lists

Page numbers

OR

Facts of publication

Edition number, if other than the first

Name of editor, translator, or compiler

Bibliographic entries use the complete phrases, “edited by,” “translated by,” or “compiled by,” unless the editor, translator or compiler’s name is considered the name of the author.

Bengtson, Hermann. Introduction to Ancient History. Translated from the 6^th ed. by

R. I. Frank and Frank D. Gilliard. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970.

Calvin, John. Institutes of the Christian Religion. Edited by John T. McNeill, 2 volumes.

Philadelphia: Westminster, 1960.

Alkire, Leland G., Jr. Periodical Title Abbreviations. 2 volumes, 9^th edition.

Detroit: Gale Research, 1994.

See Section 2.3.5. for more detail. Note that in a bibliographic reference the facts of publication are not put in parentheses.

· Indicate the city where the book or article was published, as it appears on the title page.

· As in footnotes and endnotes, the name of the publisher may be abbreviated. University presses are an exception—the word “Press” should not be omitted from them.

· Cite the year of publication as given on the copyright page (reverse of the title page). Look for the date with the publisher’s imprint; if there is more than one date given, use the most recent one.Follow with a period.

Examples:

Havel, Vaclav. Letters to Olga. Translated by Paul Wilson. London: Faber and

Faber, 1988; paperback 1990.

Nouwen, Henri J. M. Clowning in Rome: Reflections on Solitude, Celibacy, Prayer,

and Contemplation. Westminster, Md.: Christian Classics, Inc., 1992.

Webster, Douglas D. A Passion for Christ: An Evangelical Christology.

Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 1987.

Webster, Douglas D. A Passion for Christ: An Evangelical Christology. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1987), 89.

If a book is cited in a bibliographic entry, the page numbers are not given unless the reference is to a specific chapter or article in the book. If a journal article is listed, the page numbers must be given.

Book:

Pospielovsky, Dimitry. The Russian Church under the Soviet Regime, 1917-1982,

Volume One. Crestwood, N. Y.: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1984.

Article:

Bailey, Kenneth E. “Women in the New Testament: A Middle Eastern Cultural View.”

Anvil Volume 11, Number 1 (1994): 7-24.

Some fields of scholarship, such as the natural and social sciences prefer the use of parenthetical references and reference lists to footnotes and bibliography. Authors writing about history or Christian education may occasionally use this style.

In parenthetical reference style, when an author is quoted or otherwise referred to, the surname of the author (or editor, compiler, translator, group of authors, etc.) is introduced into the body of the text in parentheses, together with the year of publication. There is no comma between the name and the year. Works having more than three authors use the name of the first, followed by et al. or and others. The page number from which the quote is taken follows after a comma.

(Sannikov 2001,121)

(Hudson and Townsend 1988, 70)

(Alexander and others 1999, 42)

Details on the publications quoted are then given in the reference list at the end. Like a bibliography, a reference list is organized alphabetically according to the authors’ last name and single-spaced with one blank line between entries. The first line of each entry is flush left, and any additional lines are indented five spaces.

The information in the reference list is presented in the following order:

· Author’s name, surname first.

· The year of publication.

· The full title and subtitle of the book (in italics), or article (without quotation marks), capitalized in sentence style(capitalize the first word of the title or subtitle and only proper nouns and proper adjectives thereafter).

· Full name of editor(s) and translator(s).

· Name of series, and volume and number in the series.

· Edition, if other than the first.

· Number of volumes.

· City where the book was published (and state or province, if in North America and not well known), followed by a colon.

· Name of publisher.

Note that all the items in a reference list are separated from one another by a period except for the city where a work was published, which is followed by a colon.

Examples of reference list style:

Alexander, Patrick H., John F. Kutsko, James D. Ernest, Shirley A. Decker-Lucke,

David L. Peterson. 1999. The SBL handbook of style for ancient near eastern,

biblical, and early Christian studies. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson.

Hudson, Bob and Shelley Townsend, eds. 1988. A Christian writer’s manual of style.

Grand Rapids: Zondervan.

Sannikov, S. V. 2001. Dvadtsat’ vekov khristianstva. Vol. 2, Vtoroe tysiacheletie.

Odessa: Bogomyslie.

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