On-line sources

Physical entities

Citing electronic sources

The question of how to use and cite electronic media in scholarly research is far from settled. In general, there are two categories of electronic media: physical entities such as CD-ROMs and various on-line sources.

In both cases, the information needed in notes and bibliographies is generally the same as for traditional sources and is set out in the same way. The main difficulty is in locating complete information.

· Author’s name (last name first in bibliographies)

· Title of document in italics (book) or quotation marks (article)

· Title of complete work (if applicable) in italics

· Original publication information (if available) in parentheses

· Name and description of source in brackets, e.g. CD, diskette, etc.

· Publication information of electronic source: city, publisher or vendor, date in parentheses

Note that all the original publication information available should be included for any material that was previously in print.

Examples:

9.1.1.1. A text on CD-ROM:

N “Apostol’skiy simvol very,” Bolshaya Theological Library: Classical Christian Texts in Russian 1.0 [CD-ROM] (Odessa: Euro-Asian Accrediting Association, Elektronnaia khristianskaiia biblioteka, 2001).

B “Apostol’skiy simvol very.” Bolshaya Theological Library: Classical Christian Texts in Russian 1.0 [CD-ROM]. Odessa: Euro-Asian Accrediting Association, Elektronnaia khristianskaia biblioteka, 2002.

9.1.1.2. An issue of a previously published journal on CD-ROM:

N Bratskiy vestnik No. 6 (1998): no page. History of Euro-Asian Evangelical Movement, Primary Sources 2.0 [CD-ROM] (Odessa: Euro-Asian Accrediting Association, Elektronnaia khristianskaia biblioteka, 2002).

B Bratskiy vestnik No. 6 (1998): no page. History of Euro-Asian Evangelical

Movement, Primary Sources 2.0 [CD-ROM]. Odessa: Euro-Asian

Accrediting Association, Elektronnaia khristianskaia biblioteka, 2003.

9.1.1.3. A previously published book on CD-ROM:

N V. A. Slobodianik, Ocherki po istorii piatidesiatnichestva (s kommentariiami), 55-57, History of Euro-Asian Evangelical Movement, Primary Sources 3.0 [CD-ROM] (Odessa: Euro-Asian Accrediting Association, Elektronnaia khristianskaia biblioteka, 2003).

B Slobodianik, V. A. Ocherki po istorii piatidesiatnichestva (s kommentariami), 55-57. History of Euro-Asian Evangelical Movement, Primary Sources, 3.0 [CD-ROM]. Odessa: Euro-Asian Accrediting Association,Elektronnaia khristianskaia biblioteka, 2003.

The biggest difficulty in citing information found on-line is usually in finding complete information. In addition, since on-line information may disappear at any time, it is of particular importance to give the date that information was accessed. As much of the following information should be given as possible:

· Author’s name (last name first in bibliographies)

· Title of work in italics (book) or quotation marks (article)

· Title of complete work (if applicable) in italics

· Original publication information (if previously in print)

· Any version or file numbers, type of on-line source in brackets

· Date of document or last revision (if available)

· Protocol (http) and full URL

· Date of access in parentheses

Examples:

9.1.2.1. On-line article, previously published:

N Alexander I. Negrov with Miriam Charter, “Why is there no Russian

Protestant Theology in Russia? A Personal Outcry,” Religion in

Eastern Europe, Vol. XVII, No. 1 (Feb. 1977): 2 [Journal on-line];

http://www.georgefox.edu/academics/undergrad/departments/soc- swk/ree/NEGROV_P... (10 September 2005).

B Negrov, Alexander I. with Miriam Charter. “Why is there no

Russian Protestant Theology in Russia? A Personal Outcry.”

Religion in Eastern Europe, Vol. XVII, No. 1 (Feb. 1977):1-11

[Journal on-line]; http://www.georgefox.edu/academics/undergrad/departments/soc- swk/ree/NEGROV_P... (10 September 2005).

9.1.2.2. On-line article, not previously published:

N Sister Helene O’Sullivan, “Chapter for Religious Leaders,”

UNICEF Handbook to Combat Trafficking in Children, forthcoming.

http://www.uscatholicmission.org/res02-bkg.htm (no date).

B O’Sullivan, Sister Helene. “Chapter for Religious Leaders.”

UNICEF Handbook to Combat Trafficking in Children.

Forthcoming. http://www.uscatholicmission.org/res02-bkg.htm

(no date).

Appendix 1

Transliteration of Slavic alphabets—Library of Congress, etc. (on paper).[59]

Appendix 2

Geographical Names and Abbreviations

The following is a partial list of cities where publishers are located that are frequently cited by authors who contribute to Bogoslovskie razmyshleniia/Theological Reflections. Note that for the less familiar, the country, state, or province is also given. It is up to the author to decide whether the additional designation will be given in reference notes and bibliographies, however it must always be done consistently throughout the work.

Amsterdam

Atlanta

Basel

Berlin

Bloomington/Bloomington, In.

Boston

Cambridge

Carlisle

Cleveland

Crestwood/Crestwood, N.Y.

Dallas

Didcot, U.K.

Downers Grove, Illinois/Downers Grove, Ill.

Dublin

Edinburgh

Eugene, Ore.

Goettingen

Grand Rapids/Grand Rapids, Mich.

Hague, The

Hamburg

Heidelberg

Jerusalem

Jordansville/Jordansville, N.Y.

Kiev, Kyiv

Kirksville/Kirksville, Mo.

Kitchener/Kitchener, Ont.

Leiden

Leningrad

London

Los Angeles

Louisville/Louisville, Ky.

Lvov/L’viv

Macon/Macon, Ga.

Malden/Malden, Mass.

Maryknoll/Maryknoll, N.Y.

Minneapolis

Moscow

Munich

Nashville

New York

North Newton, Kans.

Notre Dame/Notre Dame, In.

Odessa

Oxford

Paris

Petrograd

Philadelphia

Prague

Rome

St. Petersburg

Salt Lake City

San Francisco

Scottdale/Scottdale, Penn.

Sheffield

Toronto

Tuebingen

Waco/Waco, Tex.

Waterloo/Waterloo, Ont.

Wuppertal

Valley Forge/Valley Forge, Penn.

Vienna

Abbreviations of States, Provinces, and Countries

The names of states, provinces, and countries should usually be spelled out in text. In lists, footnotes, indexes, bibliographies, or charts, state, province, and country names may be abbreviated with standard abbreviations. Two-letter postal abbreviations for states and provinces should be used only when actual mailing addresses are given. The following list shows state and province abbreviations in both standard and postal style.[60]

Alabama Ala. AL

Alaska Alaska AK

Arizona Ariz. AZ

Arkansas Ark. AR

California Calif. CA

Colorado Colo. CO

Connecticut Conn. CT

Delaware Del. DE

Florida Fla. FL

Georgia Ga. GA

Hawaii Hawaii HI

Idaho Ida. ID

Illinois Ill. IL

Indiana Ind. IN

Iowa Ia. IA

Kansas Kans. KS

Kentucky Ky. KY

Louisiana La. LA

Maine Me. ME

Maryland Md. MD

Massachusetts Mass. MA

Michigan Mich. MI

Minnesota Minn. MN

Mississippi Miss. MS

Missouri Mo. MO

Montana Mont. MT

Nebraska Neb. NE

Nevada Nev. NV

New Hampshire N. H. NH

New Jersey N. J. NJ

New Mexico N. Mex. NM

New York N. Y. NY

North Carolina N. C. NC

North Dakota N. Dak. ND

Ohio Ohio OH

Oklahoma Okla. OK

Oregon Ore. OR

Pennsylvania Pa. or Penn. PA

Rhode Island R. I. RI

South Carolina S. C. SC

South Dakota S. Dak. SD

Tennessee Tenn. TN

Texas Tex. TX

Utah Utah UT

Vermont Vt. VT

Virginia Va. VA

Washington Wash. WA

West Virginia W. Va. WV

Wisconsin Wis. WI

Wyoming Wyo. WY

Alberta Alta. AB

British Columbia B. C. BC

Manitoba Man. MB

New Brunswick N. B. NB

Newfoundland Nfld. NF

Northwest Territories N. W. T. NT

Nova Scotia N. S. NS

Ontario Ont. ON

Prince Edward

Island P. E. I. PE

Quebec Que. or P. Q. QC

Saskatchewan Sask. SK

Yukon Territory Y. T. YT

Although most country names should be spelled out in text, the following common abbreviations are exceptions. Note that no space is used between the letters of these abbreviations.

Soviet Union—U.S.S.R., USSR

United Kingdom—U.K., UK

United States—U.S., US, USA

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