Language Study. Do, does are used to form Present Simple

Have

Be

Do

Do, does are used to form Present Simple. What do you do? She doesn’t want to go home.

Did is used to form Past Simple. We didn’t buy anything. Why did you go to Paris?

Do is also used for emphasizing the meaning of a positive statements or used when you politely trying to persuade someone to do something. You garden does look nice. My memory is not very good, but I do remember what she was wearing. I did lock the door. Do stay and have dinner with us. Do be quiet.

Be is used with ing-forms and Past Participle forms to make Continuous and Passive. She is wearing new shoes. What are you doing now? The Times is published in London.

Have is used to make perfect verb forms. Have you ever seen the Pyramid of Egypt? She has been waiting for two hours. They have been inviting to the party.

Table 1. Grammatical Forms of the Auxiliary Verbs

	be		have		do
	Present	Past	Present	Past	Present	Past
I	am	was	have	had	do	did
you	are	were	have	had	do	did
he	is	was	has	had	does	did
she	is	was	has	had	does	did
it	is	was	has	had	does	did
we	are	were	have	had	do	did
you	are	were	have	had	do	did
they	are	were	have	had	do	did

Ex. 13. Complete the sentences with the correct auxiliary verbs (do, be) in positive and negative forms in Present. Listen and check.

e. g. I am travelling to Scotland on Monday.

1. _______ holiday makers travel to all part of the world?

2. Holiday means simply a day when you _______ work.

3. I _______ believe, that in ancient Rome there were more than 150 holidays a year.

4. The population of Greece trebles in summer, _______ it?

5. We _______ know how much computers are still changing the world.

6. _______ English spoken all over the world?

7. Which sport or activity _______ they speaking about?

8. The Times _______ published in London, along with its sister newspaper, the Sunday Times which has at least ten sections and takes all week to read.

9. If you _______ buying things with rubles, which country are you in?

10. We _______ learning French! We are learning English.

Ex. 14. Make up questions to the sentences using Present Simple. Listen and check the question structure.

e. g. Some people just like to put their feet up at the weekends.

What do some people like to do at the weekends?

1. He prefers to spend most of their time on the beach. What __________ prefer?

2. Many people spend their holidays in seaside resorts. Where __________ spend their holidays?

3. If she wishes total protection she uses sunblock or sit under a beach umbrella. What __________ do if she wishes total protection?

4. Some people enjoy swimming, others love sunbathing. What __________ enjoy in the seaside resorts?

5. If you like sunbathing you use suntan lotion (= лосьон для загара) to help you to get a tan. What __________ use to get a tan?

6. When people go on holiday they stay in various places: some go to the hotels, or rent an apartment or a villa or prefer sleeping in a tent at a campsite. Where __________ stay?

Ex. 15. Check if you remember the usage of Present Simple and Present Continuous. What tense do you use when you:

1) talk about things in general;

2) talk about something which is happening in the time of speaking;

3) talk about changing situation or temporary situation;

4) say how often we do things;

5) make a suggestion;

6) talk about permanent situation;

7) talk about future arrangement or intention;

8) talk about timetables, programs, public transport;

9) talk about a period around the present.

Ex. 16. Group the sentences according to the meaning of Present Simple or Present Continuous given in the Ex. 15.

e.g. They are going round the city today – we talk about a period around the present

1. People travel to enjoy picturesque places or just for a change of scene.

2. I’m travelling to Scotland on Monday.

3. Sometimes in July we go to Turkey for a holiday.

4. On Monday trains travel to the airport every half hour.

5. He is living with his friends until he finds a private room.

6. Why don’t you go on a guided tour of the town?

7. The World Tourist Organization classifies travellers under various headings.

8. We’re working on a 13.5 % commission basis at the moment.

9. Can I speak to Mrs. Sharp, please? - Hold the line, I’m putting you through.

10. The train arrives in London at 13.45.

Ex. 17. Make up special questions in Present Continuous to the following sentences.

e.g. He is taking photos and keeping a journal of his travels now.

What is he doing now?

1. I am having a great time spending the first few days of my holiday in Paris.

2. When you are going on tour it helps to buy a guidebook and a map.

3. Ron is staying at the Hilton Hotel in London.

4. The airlines are currently (= в настоящее время) selling half-price tickets to Japan, but for one month only.

5. The growing number of visitors is damaging (= разрушают) the country-side around the palace.

6. They are spending most of their time on the beach lying in the sun.

7. Most travellers and holiday-makers are now taking a camera with them and take pictures of the sights of a city

8. Only in the last fifty years people are traveling in such huge numbers for pleasure.

9. I’m trying to finagle [fɪʹneɪgl] (= умудриться проделать) my way to three places: the Paracel Islands, China in the South Sea, Bouvet, an island in Norwegian Antarctica and Clipperton, a French island about 700 miles west of Acapulco.

Ex. 18. Comment on the tenses in the text.

When people go on holiday they stay in various places: some go to the hotels, others rent an apartment (= снимают квартиру) or a villa, that is the house by the sea or in the countryside, some people prefer sleeping in a tent at a campsite.

Many people spend their holidays in seaside resorts, where they are spending most of their time on the beach lying in the sun. Some people enjoy swimming, others love sunbathing. If you like sunbathing you are using suntan lotion (= лосьон для загара) to help you to get a tan and protect your skin (= защитить кожу). If you don’t have any protection, you may get sunburn which is painful and dangerous. If you wish total protection you use sunblock or sit under a beach umbrella.

Swimming can be dangerous if there are rocks under the water or if the sea is rough (= бурный) with big waves.

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