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Conversion




Grammar Study

 

 

1. One of the ways of rising new words is Conversion. Conversion is an act of changing one part of speech into another according to its place in the sentence.

Conversion consists in making a new word from some existing word by changing the category of a part of speech, when the original word remained unchanged. In other words this process consists in shifting from one part of speech to another. At times a word becomes a type of hybrid, functioning as two different parts of speech at the same time e.g. ´ input (n) and ´ input (v).

2. It is a result of the loss of inflections, and English has become a very flexible language without inflections, so the same word can operate as many different parts of speech. Many nouns and verbs have the same form, for example swim, drink, walk, kiss, look and smile. We can talk about water to drink and to water the flowers; time to go and to time the race; a paper to read and to paper a bedroom. Adjectives can be used as verbs. We warm our hands in front of a fire; if clothes are dirtied, they need to be cleaned and dried. Prepositions are flexible too. A sixty-year old man is neering retirement; we can talk about a round of going cards or drinks.

The new words formed by means of conversion has a meaning which somewhat differs from that of the original one, though it can more or less by easily associated with it.

Remember this new word also gets a new set of grammar forms, peculiar to its new category as a part of speech, e.g. - s (3-d person singular), - ing etc.: He waters. He is watering.

Conversion is a particularly English way of word-formation which appears to be convenient and “easy” way of enriching vocabulary with new words simply giving them a new status.

 

Ex. 35. Decide which of two words is made by conversion. Use a dictionary for help. Explain the difference between the words.

 

1. clear – to clear 2. help – to help 3. record – to record 4. double (adj) – to double 5. call – to call 6. a must – must 7. vocation – to vocation 8. time – to time 9. last – to last 10. please – to please 11. head – to head 12. face – to face 13. result – to result in 14. book – to book 15. finger – to finger

 

Ex. 36. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the underlined words. Define the parts of speech.

 

1. No trip to Russia is complete without a visit to the theatre, but the Bolshoi opera and ballet house is a must for music lover in Moscow.

2. During the reign of Peter the First, science and arts both in Moscow and all over Russia progressed strongly.

3. During the last decade, the popularity of Sochi has waned as Russians, granted new travel freedom, began to vocation abroad.

4. Nowadays Nizniy Novgorod welcomes all guests: there are more than 5 thousand historical and cultural places of interest in the region.

5. Internet would wind its way through the network on an individual basis.

6. Certain words are dropped in order to keep messages short.

7. Solution would be to allow students to exercise a certain amount of choice regarding their lessons.

8. English literature is peppered with anti-Scots aphorisms.

9. This is far from being a new complaint, having been echoed long before the two nations united in 1707 in what most Scots still regard as a shotgun marriage.

10. In ten years the edifice was topped by the statue of a “Winged Genius”.

 

Ex. 37. Complete the following sentences using a verb that denotes a part of body. Listen and check.

e.g. You have not many friends. Face the facts.

 

1. She ______ the material gently. It felt as smooth as silk.

2. In the final minute of the football match, Robson ______ the ball into the back of the net.

3. Could you ______ me that book on the table next to you?

4. After his father’s death, Tom had to ______ the relatives for his family depts.

5. The cottage which stands at the top of a cliff, ______out to sea.

shoulder, hand, faces, headed, fingered

 

Ex. 38. Find the words rised as a result of conversion and explain them.

 

1. Chukotka is the home of the Chukchi, numbering only about 13,600 people who speak a Paleo-Asiatic language.

2. The government can impose housebuilding on local councils decreeing that hundreds of thousands of new homes should be built.

3. Immigration has fuelled demand and London house prices have risen faster than in the rest of the country.

4. Many young people chipped off bits of former Berlin Walls to sell to tourists.

5. The time honored practice is to take flowers and present them to the lady of the house.

6. The Sacre-Coer church is topped by a tall dome that on a clear day provides outstanding view of the surrounding area.

7. Many bars and restaurants were frequented by true likers of Henry Miller and his friends.

8. Quarries damage nature, destroy footpaths and scar the landscape in the national parks.

9. Disney’s policy of serving no alcohol in the park caused astonishment in the country where a glass of wine is a given.

10. To see who is going to be tomorrow’s gossip column? Head for string-fellows in the Hippodrome.

11. Housed in the splendid Victorian Flower Market in the heart of Covent Garden the museum tells the fascinating story of the city.

12. The edifice of the Omsk Drama Theatre was topped by the statue of a “Winged Genius”.

13. Introduction to the Russia classical ballet is a must of any tour programme.

14. The tour is probably going to last a bit longer.

15. The jeweled domes of the Cathedral looked more like a circus attraction than a national shrine (= святыня).

16. Mr. Fain heads the second-largest cruise company.

17. The words “please” and “thank you” really please people.

18. The palaces of Nature have pinnacled in clouds their snowy scalps and throned Eternity in icy halls.

19. Robinson Crusoe, the ill-fated mariner shipwrecked on a Caribbean island.

20. They will face difficulty in communicating their adventures.

 




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