Heat transfer convection

Change the underlined word with the one given in brackets.

Translate the part of the text dealing with two chief theories of modern physics

MODERN PHYSICS

Most of classical physics is concerned with matter and energy on the normal scale of observation; by contrast, much of modern physics deals with the behaviour of matter and energy under extreme conditions or on the very large or very small scale. For example, atomic and nuclear physics studies matter on the smallest scale at which chemical elements can be identified. The physics of elementary particles is concerned with the most basic units of matter; this branch of physics is also known as high-energy physics because of the extremely high energies necessary to produce many types of particles in large particle accelerators. On this scale, ordinary, common sense notions of space, time, matter, and energy are no longer valid. The two chief theories of modern physics present a different picture of the concepts of space, time, and matter from that presented by classical physics. The quantum theory is concerned with the discrete, rather than continuous, nature of many phenomena at the atomic and subatomic level, and with the complementary aspects of particles and waves in the description of such phenomena. The theory of relativity deals with the description of phenomena that take place in motion with respect to an observer; the special theory of relativity is concerned with relative uniform motion in a straight line and the general theory of relativity with accelerated motion and its connection with gravitation.

3. Answer the questions using the text:

1. How can we define physics?

2. What does classical physics deal with?

3. What are some branches of classical physics?

4. How does classical physics differ from modern physics?

5. What do you know about the quantum theory and theory of relativity?

5. Give synonyms for the following words:

basic, important, to be concerned with, affect, to give rise to

6. Give the opposite of for the following words:

Modern, dense, incomplete, solid, light, equivalent, rapidly, rest, heat, light, liquid, external, low, tide

Heat energy can be transferred from one point to another by different methods and at different rates. Heat energy 1 resides (refuses, stays, replies) in kinetic energy of molecules and in the case of fluids, 2 portions (forces, change, parts) of the fluid may move from point to point carrying the fast moving molecules with their energy to points where the energy per molecule is less so that the energy is transferred by the molecules moving to the new point. This is known as convection. It can be 3 readily (slowly, easily, really) shown with water in a glass tube. Some ink added at the top allows (permits, avoids, ensures) us to follow the motion of convection. In order to get circulation we note that the heating produces a density change and 4 hence (even, although, therefore) a pressure gradient and the density gradient cannot be parallel so that acceleration in different directions are different.

8. Complete the following texts with the words in the brackets:

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