Participle I

Function	Form	Examples	Notes
1. An At­tribute	P I Sim­ple Active & Passive	The roaring (бурлящая) water of the river made a deep impression on him. (перед определяемым словом) Great Britain is situated on the British Isles lying to the west. (после опреде­ляемого слова) The country being shown on the map now is Great Brit­ain.	1. Причастие I в каче­стве определения может стоять как перед, так и после оп­ределяемого слова. 2. Кто-то, сделавший что-то → Причастие не ис­пользуется, а только при­даточное предложе­ние. The boy who had visited the USA, told a lot about it.
2. A Pre­dicative	P I Sim­ple Ac­tive	The answer of the student is disappointing (разочаро­вывающий)	to be astonishing (изумлен-ный) to be disappointing to be exciting to be humiliating to be inviting to be tempting to be terrifying
3. A Paren- thesis (ввод­ное пред­ложе- ние)	P I Sim­ple Ac­tive	Judging by his words he has visited Great Britain. Generally speaking the best way to get a general idea of a country is to study the map.	generally speaking judging by appearance (words) mildly speaking (saying) speaking frankly strictly speaking saying nothing of roughly speaking
4. An Ad­ver­bial modifier of time when?	All forms	While getting breakfast ready, the girls began to light the camp fire. Being thanked for his help, he left.	1. Действие, выраженное причастием в функции обстоятельства, всегда относится к подлежа­щему всего предложе­ния. 2. Союзы when и while часто употребляются с P I Simple Active для выра­жения действия, происхо­дящего одновре­менно с действием, вы­ражаемым глаголом-ска­зуемым. While making a tour of England, we were im­pressed by its beauty. 3. P I Simple гла­гола to be не использу­ется в функции обстоя­тель­ства. Придаточные предложе­ния типа когда он был в Москве переводим → when in Moscow.
5. An Ad­ver­bial modifier of cause (rea­son)	All forms	Not knowing the topic well, he got confused. Having been left alone, the child felt miserable and lonely.	why?
An Ad­ver­bial modi­fier of at­tendant cir­cum­stances (of manner)	P I Sim­ple Ac­tive	He was standing on the top of the mountain admiring the beautiful view. I spent the morning on the cliff reading.	in what manner? how? (союз «и»)
An Ad­ver­bial modi­fier of comparison	P I Sim­ple Ac­tive	He was silent for a while, as though pausing for a reply. She shivered with fright as if realizing the danger.	as if as though

Participle II the 3d form of the verb (driven, done, looked)

Function	Form	Examples	Notes
1. An Attribute	P II	People treated in polyclinics are called out-patients. (после определяемого слова)   After giving the boy the pre­scribed medicine I went out. (перед определяемым сло­вом).   I took the boy for a walk up the path covered with faded leaves.	1. P II переходных глаго­лов имеет значение пас­сивного залога: a broken toy a locked door a written letter 2. P II непереходных гла­голов обозначает переход в другое состояние: fades leaves withered flowers vanished jewels fallen trees retired captain
2. A Predi­cative (part of a compound nominal predicate)	P II	He seemed delighted to see me again.   She looked worried.   I confessed I was bewildered.	Составное именное ска­зуемое состоит из глагола-связки: be, look, get, grow, seem, turn, remain…+ сказуемое (которое может быть выражено P II).
3. An Adverbial Modifier of time (when?)	When told the fare, he real­ized he couldn’t afford the tour.	В функции обстоятельства P II имеет то же подлежа­щее, что и сказуемое всего предложения.
4. An Adverbial Modifier of condi­tion (if)	If sent immediately, the tele­gram will be delivered in time.
5. An Adverbial Modifier of compari­son (as if, as though)	He looked bewildered as if told something unbelievable.
6. An Adverbial Modifier of conces­sion	Though frightened, he didn’t show it.

Дата добавления: 2015-05-08