Self-Training Exercises

IV. The Prepositional Absolute Participle Construction with P II

III. The Absolute Participle Construction with P II (non-prepositional)

II. The Prepositional Absolute Participle Construction with P I

I. The Absolute Participle Construction with P I (non-prepositional)

The Absolute Participial Construction

Participial Constructions

Абсолютный причастный оборот с Причастием I без предлога

E.g.: He having left the room, she sat down at the table.

Когда он покинул комнату, она села за стол.

The Absolute Participle Construction with P I (non-prepositional) = = существительное или местоимение в именительном падеже + любая форма P I.

Данный оборот в предложении выполняет функцию обстоятельства образа действия, причины, времени.

He looked through the window, his glance traveling around.

They didn’t play in the morning, it being Sunday.

The work being finished, they went into the shop.

Данный оборот переводится с помощью придаточного предложения.

Абсолютный причастный оборот с Причастием I с предлогом

E.g.: He went into the house, with his heart beating fast.

Он вошел в дом, и его сердце бешено колотилось.

The Prepositional Absolute Participle Construction with P I = = предлог with +существительное в именительном падеже или местоимение в объектном падеже (him, me…) + P I.

Абсолютный причастный оборот с Причастием I с предлогом в предложении выполняет функцию обстоятельства образа действия.

He sat with his hands lying on the table.

I won’t speak with him steering at me.

Абсолютный причастный оборот с Причастием II без предлога

E.g.: The preparation completed, we started off.

Когда приготовления были закончены, мы отправились в путь.

The Absolute Participle Construction with P II (non-prepositional) = = существительное или местоимение + P II.

Данный оборот в предложении выполняет функцию обстоятельства образа действия, причины, времени, условия.

He sat on the sofa, his legs crossed.

This said, he turned his back.

My attention distracted, I didn’t notice her.

This once done, he will repeat.

Абсолютный причастный оборот с Причастием II с предлогом

E.g.: She went on reading with her eyes fixed on the pages.

Она продолжала читать, и ее глаза были прикованы к страницам.

The Prepositional Absolute Participle Construction with P II= = предлог with +существительное в именительном падеже + P II.

Данный оборот в предложении выполняет функцию обстоятельства образа действия.

It’s unhealthy to sleep with the windows shut.

1. Translate the sentences into Russian and explain the difference between
P I and P II. Define the functions:

1) That man reading a book is the most capable specialist in our laboratory.
The book read by the teacher was about the heroes of our country.

2) The man showing the diagrams is our teacher. The diagram shown above is very interesting.

3) Translating the text we learn a lot of new words. The text translated by the student contained many words.

4) I studied the book on physics written by our teacher. Writing the exercise I understood how to use the Participle.

2. Translate into English using the P II:

1) Полученные (to obtain) results had great importance.

2) Пройденные (to pass) kilometers were very difficult.

3) Известный (to know) address helped us greatly.

4) Услышанная (to hear) melody made me recall my youth.

5) Оставленная (to leave) clothes were in bad condition.

6) Вымытая (to wash) plate has broken to pieces.

3. Define the Participial Construction with P I after the determinate word. Note that Participles should be translated in the tense in which the predicate of the main clause is used:

1) They were looking at the children playing in the garden.

2) The substance affecting a magnetic field was metallic.

3) The scientists following this technique investigated some phenomena of radioactivity.

4) The metals being electrical conductors will make very suitable electrodes.

5) The acceleration of a body is proportional to the force causing it.

6) The relative density of a gas is equal to the molecular weight of the other gas (usually hydrogen) being used as the standard.

7) The volumes of gases entering into or resulting from a chemical reaction may be represented by a simple ratio of small numbers.

8) The remaining light, coming as it does from the edge of the sun, is much altered in quality, so that both sky and landscape take on a strange colour.

9) Under these conditions we may treat the corpuscle as consisting a group of waves having nearly identical frequencies.

4. Define the Participial Constructions with P I, translate the sentences:

1) Counting the net charges on each atom of the two compounds, reckoning an electron which is shared between the atoms as contributing half of its charge to each, the following scheme is obtained.

2) Several rays of light are shown passing from medium 2 to medium 1 in which their velocity is greater.

3) Rising from a substance illuminated by certain rays these particles can be observed.

4) To the writer’s knowledge similar rocks have not been reported as existing elsewhere.

5) While isolating and separating radium, Mme Curie found other radioactive elements.

6) It is a matter of common observation that light is refracted when passing from one medium into another.

7) Solonchak soils as morphological units are rare, occurring, when they do, in step positions.

5. Translate the sentences. Define the Participial Constructions with Perfect Participle:

1) Having become familiar with the main laws of static, we can study the laws of dynamics.

2) Having accepted this set of laws, we can predict many things about the union of chemical substances.

3) Having obtained the necessary compound, we could finish our experiment.

4) Having mixed these two substances, we put the mixture into a clean test-tube (пробирка).

5) Mendeleyev should be regarded as having discovered the law of periodicity of the chemical elements.

6) Having described in a general way what is meant by an electric current, the next step is to introduce quantitative measures for such currents and their effects.

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